有趣的tar用法...但是发生了什么事? [英] Interesting usage of tar... but what is happening?

问题描述

我在同事的Bash脚本中看到了tar的以下有趣用法:

I saw the following interesting usage of tar in a co-worker's Bash scripts:

`tar cf - * | (cd <dest> ; tar xf - )`

显然，它的工作原理与rsync -av相似，但速度更快.问题出现了，怎么办?

Apparently it works much like rsync -av does, but faster. The question arises, how?

-m

编辑:谁能解释为什么比以下解决方案更可取?

EDIT: Can anyone explain why should this solution be preferable over the following?

cp -rfp * dest

前者更快吗?

推荐答案

关于cp和tar之间的区别以复制目录层次结构，可以进行一个简单的实验来显示区别:

On the difference between cp and tar to copy the directory hierarchies, a simple experiment can be conducted to show the difference:

alastair box:~/hack/cptest [1134]% mkdir src
alastair box:~/hack/cptest [1135]% cd src
alastair box:~/hack/cptest/src [1136]% touch foo
alastair box:~/hack/cptest/src [1137]% ln -s foo foo-s
alastair box:~/hack/cptest/src [1138]% ln foo foo-h
alastair box:~/hack/cptest/src [1139]% ls -a
total 0
-rw-r--r--  2 alastair alastair    0 Nov 25 14:59 foo
-rw-r--r--  2 alastair alastair    0 Nov 25 14:59 foo-h
lrwxrwxrwx  1 alastair alastair    3 Nov 25 14:59 foo-s -> foo
alastair box:~/hack/cptest/src [1142]% mkdir ../cpdest
alastair box:~/hack/cptest/src [1143]% cp -rfp * ../cpdest
alastair box:~/hack/cptest/src [1144]% mkdir ../tardest
alastair box:~/hack/cptest/src [1145]% tar cf - * | (cd ../tardest ; tar xf - )
alastair box:~/hack/cptest/src [1146]% cd ..
alastair box:~/hack/cptest [1147]% ls -l cpdest
total 0
-rw-r--r--  1 alastair alastair    0 Nov 25 14:59 foo
-rw-r--r--  1 alastair alastair    0 Nov 25 14:59 foo-h
lrwxrwxrwx  1 alastair alastair    3 Nov 25 15:00 foo-s -> foo
alastair box:~/hack/cptest [1148]% ls -l tardest
total 0
-rw-r--r--  2 alastair alastair    0 Nov 25 14:59 foo
-rw-r--r--  2 alastair alastair    0 Nov 25 14:59 foo-h
lrwxrwxrwx  1 alastair alastair    3 Nov 25 15:00 foo-s -> foo

区别在于硬链接的文件.请注意，如何分别使用 cp 和 tar 复制硬链接的文件.为了使区别更加明显，请查看每个节点的索引节点:

The difference is in the hard-linked files. Notice how the hard-linked files are copied individually with cp and together with tar. To make the difference more obvious, have a look at the inodes for each:

alastair box:~/hack/cptest [1149]% ls -i cpdest
24690722 foo  24690723 foo-h  24690724 foo-s
alastair box:~/hack/cptest [1150]% ls -i tardest
24690801 foo  24690801 foo-h  24690802 foo-s

可能还有其他原因更喜欢tar，但这是一个很大的原因，至少在您具有广泛的硬链接文件的情况下.

There are probably other reasons to prefer tar, but this is one big one, at least if you have extensively hard-linked files.

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