Python3运行Alias Bash命令 [英] Python3 Run Alias Bash Commands

问题描述

我有以下代码非常适合运行ls命令.我有一个使用 alias ll ='ls -alFGh'的bash别名，是否有可能使python运行bash命令而无需python加载我的bash_alias文件，进行解析，然后实际运行完整命令?

I have the following code that works great to run the ls command. I have a bash alias that I use alias ll='ls -alFGh' is it possible to get python to run the bash command without python loading my bash_alias file, parsing, and then actually running the full command?

import subprocess

command = "ls"  # the shell command
process = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=None, shell=True)

#Launch the shell command:
output = process.communicate()

print (output[0])

尝试使用command ="ll"我得到的输出是:

Trying with command = "ll" the output I get is:

/bin/sh: ll: command not found
b''

推荐答案

您不能.当您运行python进程时，它不知道shell别名.有几种简单的方法可以将文本从父进程传递到子进程(IPC除外)，命令行以及通过环境变量(即导出).Bash不支持导出别名.

You cannot. When you run a python process it has no knowledge of a shell alias. There are simple ways of passing text from parent to child process (other than IPC), the command-line and through environment (i.e. exported) variables. Bash does not support exporting aliases.

在 man bash 页面上:几乎所有目的，别名都被shell函数取代.

Bash 确实支持导出功能，因此建议您将别名改为一个简单的功能.这样就可以将它从shell导出到python再到shell.例如:

Bash does support exporting functions, so I suggest you make your alias a simple function instead. That way it is exported from shell to python to shell. For example:

在外壳中:

ll() { ls -l; }
export -f ll

在python中:

import subprocess

command = "ll"  # the shell command
process = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=None, shell=True)

output = process.communicate()

print(output[0].decode())    # Required if using Python 3

由于您正在使用 print()函数，所以我假设您正在使用python3.在这种情况下，您需要 .decode()，因为字节对象返回.

Since you are using the print() function I have assumed you are using python 3. In which case you need the .decode(), since a bytes object is returned.

使用一些黑客工具，还可以从python创建和导出shell函数.

With a bit of hackery it is possible to create and export shell functions from python as well.

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