Python类继承:如何使用不在父类中的值初始化子类 [英] Python Class Inheritance: How to initialize a subclass with values not in the parent class

问题描述

我正在尝试学习有关类和OOP的更多信息.

I'm trying to learn more about classes and OOP.

我如何让我的 Person 类用 Entity 的所有值初始化，而且还使用 Entity 课?

How can I have my Person class initialize with all the values of Entity but also with a value that may not be contained in the Entity class?

例如， Person 和 Spirit 均从 Entity 继承.但是，只有 Person 会具有 gender .我如何让 Person 和 gender 进行初始化?

For example, both Person and Spirit inherit from Entity. However, only a Person would have a gender. How can I have Person initialize with gender as well?

在那之后，我是否仍可以像我在下面完成操作一样创建 Person 的实例并调用 describe()?

After that, would I still be able to create an instance of Person and call describe() in the same way I've done below?

class Entity(object):

    def __init__(self, state, name, age):
        self.state = state
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

class Person(Entity):

    def describe(self):
        print "Identification: %s, %s, %s." % (self.state, self.name, self.age)

class Spirit(Entity):
    pass  # for now

steve = Person("human", "Steve", "23" # can I then list gender here?)
steve.describe()

推荐答案

在子类上创建一个自定义初始化程序，然后通过 super 调用父类的初始化程序:

Create a custom initializer on the sub-class and then call the parent class's initializer via super:

class Person(Entity):
    def __init__(self, state, name, age, gender):
        self.gender = gender
        super(Person, self).__init__(state, name, age)

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