如何从Django主URL文件中的应用程序导入URL [英] How to import urls from apps in django main urls file

问题描述

我有以下项目结构.

这是我的INSTALLED_APPS数组.

  INSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin'，'django.contrib.auth'，'django.contrib.contenttypes'，'django.contrib.sessions'，'django.contrib.messages'，'django.contrib.staticfiles'，"climanmanage.clients"] 

然后我尝试将 clients.urls 文件添加到父 urls 文件中，如下所示.

来自django.contrib的

 导入管理员从django.urls导入包括路径urlpatterns = [路径("admin/"，admin.site.urls)，路径('clients/'，include('clients.urls'))] 

但是我遇到了这个错误. ModuleNotFoundError:没有名为客户端"的模块

我可以使用以下路径解决此问题. include('climemanage.clients.urls')，但我想从路径中跳过 climemanage .

我尝试了不同的方式，

 导入客户端导入climemanage.clients来自climemanage进​​口客户 

但是没有任何作用.

解决方案

您的项目结构错误.似乎 startproject 部分或 startapp 部分可能出了问题.如果您可以列出到目前为止的工作方式，那将是最好的选择.请查看我在回答末尾添加的结构.

在您的情况下，您的主要 settings.py 位于 clients 下.这意味着 clients 是 startproject 的结果.目前，您没有 app ，但是有一堆文件应该随 app 一起出现，现在位于 migrations 文件夹下.

因此，您将永远无法添加从 clients.urls 到主 urls.py 的任何内容.因为您的 clients 是您的主要 urls.py 所在的位置.

我在这里放了我通常要做的事情(此Mac版本，如果您使用的是Windows，则需要查看django教程)

  $ mkdir clienmanage$ cd clienmanage$ python3 -m venv myvenv#设置虚拟环境$ source myvenv/bin/activate#进入虚拟环境完成此步骤后，您可以安装django 

然后，当您运行 startproject 命令时，请确保按以下方式运行:

  django-admin startproject项目. 

注意最后的..

在那之后，您应该具有以下结构:

  climanmanage| --- manage.py| ---项目|| --- __init__.py|| --- settings.py|| --- urls.py|| --- wsgi.py| ---虚拟|| ___ requirements.txt 

那么您将:

  $ python manage.py startapp客户端 

  climanmanage|| ---客户#这是应用程序|| ---移民|| --- models.py|| --- views.py|| --- apps.py| --- manage.py| ---项目|| --- __init__.py|| --- settings.py|| --- urls.py|| --- wsgi.py| ---虚拟#一个文件夹|| ___ requirements.txt 

此步骤之后，django将不会自动生成 app 级别的 urls.py 和 forms.py .您应该在 app 文件夹中生成这些文件(在我的示例中为 clients )

**** 如果要将应用程序放置在其他目录中您可以指定目的地.

  $ python manage.py startapp< app_label>[目的地] 

在上述情况下，如果要将 app 放入 project

  $ python manage.py startapp客户端项目/客户端 

如果您采用这种方式，请确保在 INSTALLED_APPS 中添加 project.clients 而不是 clients .

I have the following project structure.

This is my INSTALLED_APPS array.

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'climemanage.clients'
]

Then I tried to add the clients.urls file in the parent urls file as the below.

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('clients/', include('clients.urls'))
]

But I'm getting this error. ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'clients'

I can solve this by using the following path. include('climemanage.clients.urls') but I want to skip climemanage from the path.

I have tried different ways as,

import clients
import climemanage.clients
from climemanage import clients

But nothing is working.

解决方案

Your project structure is wrong. It seems either startproject part or startapp part might gone wrong. It might be best if you could list out how you got up to this point. Please see the structure I put at the end of my answer.

In your case, your main settings.py is under clients. This means that clients is the result of startproject. Currently you do not have an app, but you have a bunch of files that should be appeared with app that now under migrations folder.

Beause of that, you will never be able to add anything from clients.urls to main urls.py. Because your clients is the place where your main urls.py located.

I put what I normally do here (this mac version, if you are using windows, you need check django tutorial)

$ mkdir clienmanage
$ cd clienmanage
$ python3 -m venv myvenv      # set up virtual environment
$ source myvenv/bin/activate  # go into virtual envionment
After this step you can install django

then after that, when you run your startproject command, make sure run like below:

django-admin startproject project .

Note the . at the end.

After that, you should have structure like:

clienmanage
|--- manage.py
|--- project
|   |--- __init__.py
|   |--- settings.py
|   |--- urls.py
|   |--- wsgi.py
|--- virtual
|
|___ requirements.txt

then you will:

$ python manage.py startapp clients

clienmanage
|
|---clients # this is the app
|    |---migrations
|    |---models.py
|    |---views.py
|    |---apps.py  
|--- manage.py
|--- project
|   |--- __init__.py
|   |--- settings.py
|   |--- urls.py
|   |--- wsgi.py
|--- virtual # a folder
|
|___ requirements.txt

After this step, django will not automatically generate app level urls.py and forms.py. You should generate these files inside the app folder (in my example case, clients)

****If you want to put app in a different directory You can specify destination.

$ python manage.py startapp <app_label> [destination] 

in the above case, if you want to have your app inside of project

$ python manage.py startapp clients project/clients

If you took this route, make sure to add project.clients rather than clients in your INSTALLED_APPS.

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