Django如何检查对象是否在多个字段中包含字符串 [英] Django how to check if objects contains string in multiple fields

问题描述

因此，我有一个名为Puzzle的模型，其中包含标题，问题和主题.我希望能够通过输入字符串来搜索难题.我的搜索栏还包含三个复选框:- 标题- 问题-主题

So I have a model called Puzzle which contains a title, question, and a subject. I want to be able to search for puzzles by entering a string. My search bar also contains three checkboxes: - title - question - subject

我希望能够以某种方式查询我的数据库，以查看所打勾的字段是否包含搜索文本.例如，如果标题和问题被打勾，我将查询拼图的标题是否包含此字符串，或者其问题包含该字符串.有什么方法可以在Django中查询吗?

I want to somehow be able to query my database to see if the ticked fields contain the search text. For example, if title and question were ticked, I would query to see if the puzzle's title contains this string OR its questions contains the string. Is there any way to query this in Django?

我知道，如果我只想检查这些字段之一(例如标题)，我可以这样做:

I know that if I wanted to check just one of these fields, for instance the title, I could just do this:

Puzzle.objects.filter(title__contains=search_text)

但是我希望能够动态查询被打勾的字段.

But I want to be able to dynamically query the fields that are ticked.

当前，我的视图包含三个布尔值:标题，问题和主题.布尔值被选中时为True，否则为false.

Currently, my view contains three boolean values: title, question, and subject. The boolean is True is it is ticked, and false if it is not ticked.

我如何处理这三个布尔值以及Django查询，以便能够动态查询我的数据库?

How can I manipulate these three booleans along with Django queries to be able to dynamically query my database?

谢谢

推荐答案

您可以使用

You can do OR queries using Q objects:

from django.db.models import Q

Puzzle.objects.filter(
    Q(title__contains=search_text) |
    Q(question__contains=search_text) |
    Q(subject__contains=search_text)
)

当然，您可以动态地构建此 Q 对象:

Of course you can build this Q object dynamically:

q = Q()
if title:
    q |= Q(title__contains=search_text)
if question:
    q |= Q(question__contains=search_text)
if subject:
    q |= Q(subject__contains=search_text)

# If you want no result if none of the fields is selected
if q:
    queryset = Puzzle.objects.filter(q)
else:
    queryset = Puzzle.objects.none()

# Or if you want all results if none of the fields is selected
queryset = Puzzle.objects.filter(q)

如果列表中有所有选定字段(即 search_fields = ['title'，'subject'] ，您甚至可以使其更通用:

If you have all selected fields in a list (ie. search_fields = ['title', 'subject'], you can even make it more generic:

from functools import reduce
from operators import or_

q = reduce(or_, [Q(**{f'{f}__contains': search_text}) for f in search_fields], Q())
Puzzle.objects.filter(q)

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