多对多关系.以def __str__方法返回字段 [英] ManyToMany Relationships. Returning fields in def __str__ method

问题描述

我有两个模型:

AffectedSegment 模型

class AffectedSegment(models.Model):

    SEGMENTO_ESCAPULA = 'Escápula'
    SEGMENTO_HOMBRO = 'Hombro'
    SEGMENTO_CODO = 'Codo'
    SEGMENTO_ANTEBRAZO = 'Antebrazo'
    SEGMENTO_CARPO_MUNECA = 'Carpo/Muñeca'
    SEGMENTO_MANO = 'Mano'
    SEGMENT_CHOICES = (
        (SEGMENTO_ESCAPULA, u'Escápula'),
        (SEGMENTO_HOMBRO, u'Hombro'),
        (SEGMENTO_CODO, u'Codo'),
        (SEGMENTO_ANTEBRAZO, u'Antebrazo'),
        (SEGMENTO_CARPO_MUNECA, u'Carpo/Muñeca'),
        (SEGMENTO_MANO, u'Mano'),
    )

    affected_segment = models.CharField(
        max_length=12,
        choices=SEGMENT_CHOICES,
        blank=False,
        verbose_name='Segmento afectado',
        help_text='Ingrese uno o mas segmentos corporal de miembros superiores'
    )

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = 'Segmentos corporales'

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s" % self.affected_segment

和 Movement 模型.请最后查看此模型的 __ str __ 方法:

And Movement model. Please review the __str__ method of this model at the end:

class Movement(models.Model):
    type = models.CharField(
        max_length=255,
        verbose_name='Tipo de movimiento'
    )

    corporal_segment_associated = models.ManyToManyField(
        AffectedSegment,
        blank=True,
        verbose_name='Segmento corporal asociado')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'Movimiento'

    def __str__(self):
        return "{},{}".format(self.type, self.corporal_segment_associated)

我还有一个名为 RehabilitationSession 的模型，在该模型中，我希望可以选择多个受影响的段和多个动作，例如:

I have another model named RehabilitationSession in which I want allow the possibility of choose multiple affected_segments and multiple movements such as follow:

RehabilitationSession(models.Model)类:

class RehabilitationSession(models.Model):

affected_segment = models.ManyToManyField(
    AffectedSegment,
    verbose_name='Segmento afectado',
    #related_name='affectedsegment'
)
movement = models.ManyToManyField(
    Movement,  # Modelo encadenado
    verbose_name='Movimiento',
    #related_name = 'movement'
)

在我的Django Admin中，当我进入 RehabilitationSession 模型时，我在 motion 字段中看到以下内容:

In my Django Admin when I go to the RehabilitationSession model I see the following in the movement field:

我了解到，在 ManyToMany 关系中，使用两个表的ID字段创建了一个中间表，这两个表以这种方式形成 m2m 关系:

I understand that in the ManyToMany relationships, a intermediate table is created with the ID's fields of the two tables which make the m2m relationship of this way:

我的问题是:

如何在我的 Movement 模型中做到这一点，我可以访问要在 __ str __ 方法中调用的 corporal_segment_associated 字段?

How to can I make that in my Movement model I can access to the corporal_segment_associated field that I want call in the __str__ method?

任何方向都非常有用:)

Any orientation is very useful :)

推荐答案

问题是 self.corporal_segment_associated 不是相关项目的列表，它是 ManyRelatedManager .调用 str(self.corporal_segment_associated)时，它将返回您在屏幕快照中看到的 AffectedSegment.None 字符串.

The problem is that self.corporal_segment_associated is not a list of the related items, it is a ManyRelatedManager. When you call str(self.corporal_segment_associated), it returns the AffectedSegment.None string which you see in your screenshots.

要获取相关的页面，可以执行 self.corporal_segment_associated.all().这将返回相关对象的查询集.然后，您必须先将此查询集转换为字符串，然后才能在 __ str __ 方法中使用它.例如，您可以这样做:

To fetch the related segements, you can do self.corporal_segment_associated.all(). This will return a queryset of the related objects. You then have to convert this queryset to a string before you use it in the __str__ method. For example, you could do:

class Movement(models.Model):
    def __str__(self):
        corporal_segment_associated = ", ".join(str(seg) for seg in self.corporal_segment_associated.all())
        return "{},{}".format(self.type, corporal_segment_associated)

使用 __ str __ 方法访问 self.corporal_segment_associated.all()可能不是一个好主意.这意味着Django将对下拉列表中的每个项目执行额外的SQL查询.您可能会发现这会导致性能下降.

It might not be a good idea to access self.corporal_segment_associated.all() in the __str__ method. It means that Django will do extra SQL queries for every item in the drop down list. You might find that this causes poor performance.

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