xmllint:如何使用本地DTD文件验证XML [英] xmllint : how to validate an XML using a local DTD file

问题描述

我有本地DTD文件test.dtd.内容是:

I have a local DTD file test.dtd. Content is :

<!DOCTYPE coord [
<!ELEMENT coord (date)>
<!ELEMENT date (#PCDATA)>
]>

我想使用xmllint验证XML.此XML中没有DOCTYPE:

I'd like to validate an XML using xmllint. This XML has no DOCTYPE in it :

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="x-mac-roman"?>
<coord>
    <date>20150312</date>
</coord>

如果我将DTD块作为第二行插入到XML文件的副本中并使用，则没问题

No problem if I insert the DTD block as a 2nd line into a copy of my XML file and use:

xmllint --valid --noout my2.xml

但是当我尝试时:

xmllint --loaddtd test.dtd --valid --noout my.xml

xmllint --dtdvalid test.dtd --noout my.xml

都不起作用.outout是:

both don't work. The outout is :

test.dtd:1: parser error : Content error in the external subset
<!DOCTYPE coord [
^
test.dtd:1: parser error : Content error in the external subset
<!DOCTYPE coord [
^
Could not parse DTD test.dtd

有什么主意吗?看来我的XML 必须包含一个DOCTYPE行(带有SYSTEM关键字)，以引用外部DOCTYPE文件，这是我要避免的.参见: http://www.w3schools.com/dtd/

Any idea ? It seems that my XML MUST contain a DOCTYPE line (with SYSTEM keyword) to reference the external DOCTYPE file, that I want to avoid. See : http://www.w3schools.com/dtd/

有没有不修改XML的解决方案?

Is there any solution without modifying the XML ?

推荐答案

首先，外部DTD不需要<！DOCTYPE 前导-从DTD文件中将其删除:

First of all, external DTDs do not need the <!DOCTYPE preamble - remove it from the DTD file:

<!ELEMENT coord (date)>
<!ELEMENT date (#PCDATA)>

然后，-loaddtd 获取一个外部DTD，这与针对外部DTD的 validation 不同.使用-dtdvalid 选项，如下所示:

Then, --loaddtd fetches an external DTD, which is not the same as validating against an external DTD. Use the --dtdvalid option as follows:

$ xmllint --noout --dtdvalid test.dtd test.xml

如果XML文档有效，则xmllint将不会输出任何内容(由于-noout ).如果将DTD更改为，请说:

If the XML document is valid, xmllint will not output anything (because of --noout). If you change the DTD to, say:

<!ELEMENT coord (date,other)>
<!ELEMENT date (#PCDATA)>

输出将是

$ xmllint --noout --dtdvalid test.dtd test.xml
test.xml:2: element coord: validity error : Element coord content does not follow the DTD, expecting (date , other), got (date )
Document test.xml does not validate against test.dtd

---

在 NMT 或XMLSoft .

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