Python Turtle中的onkeypress()和listen()问题 [英] Problem with onkeypress() and listen() in Python Turtle

问题描述

我对一个功能有疑问.我使用的是Python 3.7，当我尝试使用 onkeypress()函数时，什么也没有发生.我尝试对其进行检查，但是当我按键时，turtle模块没有反应.

I have a problem with one function. I use Python 3.7, and when I try to use the onkeypress() function, nothing happens. I try to check it, but the turtle module doesn't react when I press keys.

我尝试使用"w"键将桨向上移动.但这是行不通的.以下是我的* .py文件:

I try to move my paddle up using the 'w' key. But it doesn't work. Below are my *.py files:

main.py

import elements
import turtle


#Windows settings

window = turtle.Screen()
window.title("Pong game by Kosa")
window.bgcolor('black')
window.setup(width=800, height=600)
window.tracer(0)

paletka_1 = elements.Objects()
paletka_1.paddle_a()
    
window.onkeypress(paletka_1.paddle_a_up(), "w")
window.listen()
while True:
    window.update()

elements.py

elements.py

import turtle

class Objects:

    def __init__(self):
        #Paddle A

        #self.paddle_b = turtle.Turtle()


        # #Paddle B

        #Ball
        self.ball = turtle.Turtle()

    def paddle_a(self):

        paddle_a_x = -350
        #paddle_a_y = 0
        self.paddle_a = turtle.Turtle()
        self.paddle_a.speed(0)
        self.paddle_a.shape("square")
        self.paddle_a.shapesize(stretch_wid=5, stretch_len=1)
        self.paddle_a.color('green')
        self.paddle_a.penup()
        self.paddle_a.goto(paddle_a_x, 0)

    def paddle_b(self):
        paddle_b_x = -350
        paddle_b_y = 0

        self.paddle_b.speed(0)
        self.paddle_b.shape("square")
        self.paddle_b.shapesize(stretch_wid=5, stretch_len=1)
        self.paddle_b.color('green')
        self.paddle_b.penup()
        self.paddle_b.goto(paddle_b_x, paddle_b_y)

    def ball(self):
        self.ball.speed(0)
        self.ball.shape("square")
        self.ball.color('white')
        self.ball.penup()
        self.ball.goto(0, 0)

    def paddle_a_up(self):
        y = self.paddle_a.ycor()
        y += 20
        self.paddle_a.sety(y)
        print(y)

    def paddle_b_up(self):
        y = self.paddle_b.ycor()
        y += 20
        self.paddle_b.sety(y)

程序启动后得到的结果是:我可以按下按键，但是拨片没有变化.你能找到我的错误吗?我在 paddle_a_up()中添加了 print(y)，只是为了确保它能正常工作.我得到 print()的结果.

What I get when program starts: I can push keys, but no change in my paddle. Can you find my mistake? I added print(y) in paddle_a_up() just to make sure, that its works. I get the result of print().

这很奇怪，因为没有错误.

It's strange, because there is no error.

推荐答案

这是设置事件处理程序时常见的初学者错误:

This is a common beginner's error when setting event handlers:

window.onkeypress(paletka_1.paddle_a_up(), "w")

您不想调用 paddle_a_up ，而是想传递该事件，以便在事件发生时调用其他代码:

You don't want to call paddle_a_up, you want to pass it on for some other code to call when the event happens:

window.onkeypress(paletka_1.paddle_a_up, "w")

尝试一下，看看它是否更适合您.至于其余的代码，我有一些建议:

Try that to see if it works better for you. As far as the rest of your code goes, I've some suggestions:

window.tracer(0)

在程序运行之前，避免使用 tracer()和 update()，否则只会使开发和调试过程变得复杂.仅在需要时再添加它们-如果程序令您满意，则将它们排除在外.

Avoid tracer() and update() until your program is working otherwise it'll just complicate the development and debug process. Only add them back if you need them -- if the program works to your satisfaction, leave them out.

while True:
    window.update()

实际上，此循环应该是对 mainloop()的调用，以将控制权移交给tkinter的事件处理程序:

This loop really should instead be a call to mainloop() to turn control over to tkinter's event handler:

window.mainloop()

具有相同名称的成员变量和实例方法不是一个好主意:

Having member variables and instance methods with the same name is a bad idea:

self.ball = turtle.Turtle()
...
def ball(self):

与Python的其余部分一样，一个会覆盖另一个，并且会发生不好的事情.我的代码重做版本:

Like the rest of Python, one overwrites the other and bad things happen. My reworked versions of your code:

main.py

from turtle import Screen
import elements

# Windows settings

window = Screen()
window.title("Pong game by Kosa")
window.bgcolor('black')
window.setup(width=800, height=600)

paletka_1 = elements.Objects()

window.onkeypress(paletka_1.paddle_a_up, "w")

window.listen()
window.mainloop()

elements.py

elements.py

from turtle import Turtle

class Objects:

    def __init__(self):
        # Paddle A
        self.paddle_a = Turtle("square")
        self.init_paddle_a()

        # Paddle B
        self.paddle_b = Turtle("square")
        self.init_paddle_b()

        # Ball
        self.ball = Turtle("square")
        self.init_ball()

    def init_paddle_a(self):

        paddle_a_x = -350

        self.paddle_a.speed('fastest')
        self.paddle_a.shapesize(stretch_wid=5, stretch_len=1)
        self.paddle_a.color('green')
        self.paddle_a.penup()
        self.paddle_a.setx(paddle_a_x)

    def init_paddle_b(self):
        paddle_b_x = 350

        self.paddle_b.speed('fastest')
        self.paddle_b.shapesize(stretch_wid=5, stretch_len=1)
        self.paddle_b.color('red')
        self.paddle_b.penup()
        self.paddle_b.setx(paddle_b_x)

    def init_ball(self):
        self.ball.speed('fastest')
        self.ball.color('white')
        self.ball.penup()
        self.ball.home()

    def paddle_a_up(self):
        y = self.paddle_a.ycor() + 20
        self.paddle_a.sety(y)

    def paddle_b_up(self):
        y = self.paddle_b.ycor() + 20
        self.paddle_b.sety(y)

现在这应该建立一个窗口，左右分别带有桨，中间有一个球.单击窗口，然后您可以按"w".使左桨上升.现在完成程序！

This should now put up a window with paddles on the left and right and a ball in the middle. Click on the window and after you can press "w" to make the left paddle rise up. Now finish the program!

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