Flask应用程序在Heroku上部署并尝试打开Excel文件时出现错误 [英] Flask app gives error when deployed on heroku and trying to open excel file

问题描述

我有Flask应用程序，并且在该应用程序中，我有一个视图，该视图用于使用 xlsxwriter 编写和保存 Excel 文件.当我在本地运行该应用程序时，它可以完美运行.当我部署它时，除我在其中写入Excel文件的视图外，所有视图均有效，它给了我错误500..在日志中，我的错误是我试图使用以下命令启动文件仅适用于Windows的功能，有人可以告诉我如何启动文件或下载文件吗?我不需要将其存储在数据库或云存储中，只需立即打印或下载即可.附言:如果我在问这个问题时犯了一个错误，请原谅.

I have Flask app and within the app, I have a view where I am using xlsxwriter to write and save Excel file. When I run the app locally it works perfectly. When I deploy it all the views work except the one where I am writing the Excel file, it gives me Error 500. In the logs I was that the error is that I am trying to start the file with function that is only for windows, can someone tell me how to start the file or download it? I don't need it to be stored in a database or cloud storage, just to be printed or downloaded immediately. P.s Please excuse me if I have made a mistake asking this question.

@app.route("/proverka", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def proverka():
    stream = artikli.query.all()

    mah_id=db.session.query(db.func.max(info.id)).first()
    s=info.query.filter_by(id=mah_id[0]).first()
    if request.method=='POST':

        workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('ISPRATNICI\\{}, {}.xlsx'.format(s.id, s.ime))
        brojac=9
        worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
        #NASLOV
        merge_format = workbook.add_format({'align': 'center', "size": "30"})
        worksheet.merge_range('A1:F1',"„Оска-Пром" Дооел Виница" , merge_format)
        #informacii za firmata
        worksheet.write("B3", "ул. Страшо Пинџур бр.2")
        worksheet.write("B4", "033/363-841")
        worksheet.write("B5", "071-229-482")
        #informacii za kupuvacot
        podatoci_format = workbook.add_format({'align': 'center', "size": "13"})
        worksheet.merge_range('D3:E3',s.ime, podatoci_format)
        worksheet.merge_range('D4:E4',s.kontakt, podatoci_format)
        worksheet.merge_range('D5:E5', s.ulica, podatoci_format)
        #Ispratnica br.
        ispratnica_format = workbook.add_format({'align': 'center', "size": "20"})

        worksheet.merge_range('A8:F8',"Испратница бр. {}".format(s.id) , ispratnica_format)

        #kategorii  
        meni_format = workbook.add_format({'align': 'center', "size":"14", "border":1})
        vkupno=workbook.add_format({"border":1,'align': 'center', "size":"14",  })
        worksheet.write("A9", "р.бр.", meni_format)
        worksheet.write("B9", "Назив на артикл", meni_format)
        worksheet.write("C9", "Количина", meni_format)
        worksheet.write("D9", "Цена", meni_format)
        worksheet.write("E9", "Износ", meni_format)
        worksheet.write("D39", "Вкупно", vkupno)

        worksheet.set_column("A:A", 7.43)
        worksheet.set_column("B:B", 32)
        worksheet.set_column("C:E", 12)
        worksheet.set_row(7, 38)

        #tabeli granica
        granica=workbook.add_format({"border":1})
        #artikli
        for i in stream:
            worksheet.write(brojac, 0, i.id, granica)
            worksheet.write(brojac, 1, i.model, granica)
            worksheet.write(brojac, 2, i.kolicina, granica)
            worksheet.write(brojac,3, i.cena, granica)
            worksheet.write(brojac, 4, i.vkupno, granica)
            brojac+=1
            saldo=workbook.add_format({"align":"center", "size":"16", "border":2})
            worksheet.write_formula('E39', '=SUM(E9:E38)', saldo)
        workbook.close()

        for i in stream:
            kolicini_za_menjanje=magacin.query.filter_by(model=i.model).first()
            print(kolicini_za_menjanje.kolicina)
            nova_kol=kolicini_za_menjanje.kolicina-i.kolicina
            print(nova_kol)
            kolicini_za_menjanje.kolicina = nova_kol
            db.session.commit()

        #IZBRISI ARTIKLI
        brisi=artikli.query.all()
        for i in brisi:
            artikli.query.filter_by(id=i.id).delete()
            db.session.commit()
        os.startfile("C:\\Users\\Nenad\\Desktop\\magacin vs\\ISPRATNICI\\{}, {}.xlsx".format(s.id, s.ime))
        return redirect(url_for("home"))

    return render_template("proverka.html", stream=stream, s=s)

日志:

2020-02-22T16:10:18.789403+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-02-22 16:10:18,787] ERROR in app: Exception on /proverka [POST]
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789405+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789406+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2446, in wsgi_app  
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789407+00:00 app[web.1]: response = self.full_dispatch_request()
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789408+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1951, in full_dispatch_request
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789408+00:00 app[web.1]: rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789408+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1820, in handle_user_exception
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789409+00:00 app[web.1]: reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789409+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 39, in reraise 
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789410+00:00 app[web.1]: raise value
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789410+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1949, in full_dispatch_request
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789411+00:00 app[web.1]: rv = self.dispatch_request()
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789411+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1935, in dispatch_request
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789412+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789413+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/app.py", line 206, in proverka
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789413+00:00 app[web.1]: os.startfile("C:\\Users\\Nenad\\Desktop\\magacin vs\\ISPRATNICI\\{}, {}.xlsx".format(s.id, s.ime))
2020-02-22T16:10:18.789414+00:00 app[web.1]: AttributeError: module 'os' has no attribute 'startfile'
2020-02-22T16:10:18.790447+00:00 app[web.1]: 10.102.224.122 - - [22/Feb/2020:16:10:18 +0000] "POST /proverka HTTP/1.1" 500 290 "https://oska-prom.herokuapp.com/proverka" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.130 Safari/537.36"
2020-02-22T16:10:18.790269+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=POST path="/proverka" host=oska-prom.herokuapp.com request_id=4012bbf1-c4ec-46e9-bfd0-5d8fdb23c23d fwd="77.29.30.58" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=43ms status=500 bytes=470 protocol=https
2020-02-22T16:10:19.267659+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/proverka" host=oska-prom.herokuapp.com request_id=ee6b17a9-a2b0-4b77-adaf-d967c48ace12 fwd="77.29.30.58" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=15ms status=200 bytes=2539 protocol=https
2020-02-22T16:10:19.269189+00:00 app[web.1]: 10.102.224.122 - - [22/Feb/2020:16:10:19 +0000] "GET /proverka HTTP/1.1" 200 2377 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.130 Safari/537.36"

编辑我上载了发生错误的视图代码.您能否建议另一种方法来替换硬编码路径或如何下载文件.

EDIT I uploaded the code of the view where I am getting the error. Can you suggest another way, to replace the hardcoded path or how to download the file.

我要做的是用数据库中的数据创建excel电子表格，然后我希望用户将其打印或下载到他的计算机上.

What I want to do is to create excel spreadsheet with data from the database, and then I want the user to print it or download it on his computer.

推荐答案

我要做的是用数据库中的数据创建excel电子表格，然后我希望用户将其打印或下载到他的计算机上

What I want to do is to create excel spreadsheet with data from the database, and then I want the user to print it or download it on his computer

os.startfile()永远不会这样做.

它可能在开发中看起来像 ，但这仅是因为您的客户端和服务器在同一台计算机上运行.如果您在Windows上托管代码(存在 os.startfile())并从另一台计算机连接到该代码，则您的服务器将尝试打开该文件.它根本不会显示在客户端上.

It might look like it does in development, but that's only because your client and server are running on the same machine. If you host your code on Windows (where os.startfile() exists) and connect to it from another machine, your server will try to open the file. It won't show up on the client at all.

摆脱

os.startfile("C:\\Users\\Nenad\\Desktop\\magacin vs\\ISPRATNICI\\{}, {}.xlsx".format(s.id, s.ime))

完全.

相反，请使用 send_file 结束功能代码> :

Instead, end your function with send_file:

from flask import send_file

@app.route("/proverka", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def proverka():
    # ...
    send_file('ISPRATNICI\\{}, {}.xlsx'.format(s.id, s.ime))

正如Tin所指出的， Heroku的文件系统是短暂的，因此您的PDF服务器将消失.如果可以的话，您可能不会遇到太多问题.如果有人在重新启动测功机之前请求PDF just ，则可能会有一些问题，但是他们应该能够再次请求它.

As Tin noted, Heroku's filesystem is ephemeral so the PDFs on your server will disappear. If that's okay, you probably won't run into too many issues with it. If somebody requests a PDF just before the dyno restarts you might have some issues, but they should be able to request it again.

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