随机运动pygame [英] Random movement pygame

问题描述

我正在尝试制作一个简单的生活模拟器，并且我需要单元"在屏幕上几乎随机地(有一些规则)移动.但是问题是，过了一会儿，它们往往会聚集在屏幕的左上角.我试图改变很多事情，例如完全跳过规则并使它们完全随机地移动，但它们仍然会聚在一起.我的代码中是否存在一些明显的问题?还是应该完全不同地进行运动?

I'm trying to make a simple life simulator, and I need the "cells" to move almost randomly (with a few rules) across the screen. But the problem is, after a while they tend to bunch up in the upper-left corner of the screen. I tried to change a lot of things, like completely skipping the rules and making them move completely randomly, but they still bunch up. Is there some obvious problem in my code? Or should I be doing the movement completely differently?

切掉不相关部分的代码:

The code with irrelevant parts cut out:

import sys, random, pygame
from pygame.locals import *
pygame.init()

WIDTH = 640 #game window width
HEIGHT = 480 #game window height
FPS = 60 #game's speeds
Pixsize = 2
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT)) #set the game window


class cell:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = random.randrange(10, WIDTH-10) #x position
        self.y = random.randrange(10, HEIGHT-10) #y position
        self.speed = random.randrange(2,5) #cell speed
        self.move = [None, None] #realtive x and y coordinates to move to
        self.direction = None #movement direction

    def draw(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255,255,255), (self.x,self.y,Pixsize,Pixsize),0) #draw the cell


    def wander(self):
        directions = {"S":((-1,2),(1,self.speed)),"SW":((-self.speed,-1),(1,self.speed)),"W":((-self.speed,-1),(-1,2)),"NW":((-self.speed,-1),(-self.speed,-1)),"N":((-1,2),(-self.speed,-1)),"NE":((1,self.speed),(-self.speed,-1)),"E":((1,self.speed),(-1,2)),"SE":((1,self.speed),(1,self.speed))} #((min x, max x)(min y, max y))
        directionsName = ("S","SW","W","NW","N","NE","E","SE") #possible directions
        if random.randrange(0,5) == 2: #move about once every 5 frames
            if self.direction == None: #if no direction is set, set a random one
                self.direction = random.choice(directionsName)
            else:
                a = directionsName.index(self.direction) #get the index of direction in directions list
                b = random.randrange(a-1,a+2) #set the direction to be the same, or one next to the current direction
                if b > len(directionsName)-1: #if direction index is outside the list, move back to the start
                    b = 0
                self.direction = directionsName[b]
            self.move[0] = random.randrange(directions[self.direction][0][0],directions[self.direction][0][1]) #change relative x to a random number between min x and max x
            self.move[1] = random.randrange(directions[self.direction][1][0],directions[self.direction][1][1]) #change relative y to a random number between min y and max y
        if self.x < 5 or self.x > WIDTH - 5 or self.y < 5 or self.y > HEIGHT - 5: #if cell is near the border of the screen, change direction
            if self.x < 5:
                self.direction = "E"
            elif self.x > WIDTH - 5:
                self.direction = "W"
            elif self.y < 5:
                self.direction = "S"
            elif self.y > HEIGHT - 5:
                self.direction = "N"
            self.move[0] = random.randrange(directions[self.direction][0][0],directions[self.direction][0][1]) #change relative x to a random number between min x and max x
            self.move[1] = random.randrange(directions[self.direction][1][0],directions[self.direction][1][1]) #change relative x to a random number between min x and max x
        if self.move[0] != None: #add the relative coordinates to the cells coordinates
            self.x += self.move[0]
            self.y += self.move[1]


cells = []
for i in range(200): #generate n cells
    Cell = cell()
    cells.append(Cell)


def mainloop():
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type== QUIT: #if pressing the X, quit the progra
                pygame.quit() #stop pygame
                sys.exit() #stop the program
        screen.fill((0,0,0)) #clear the screen;
        for i in cells: #update all cells
            i.wander()
            i.draw()
        pygame.display.update() #update display
        pygame.time.Clock().tick(FPS) #limit FPS

mainloop()

推荐答案

许多随机数生成器倾向于使用较小的数字.您可能需要将随机值偏移一些其他小的随机数，或者使用更复杂的生成器.

A lot of random number generators tend to favour smaller numbers. You may need to offset the random values by some other tiny random number, or look into more sophisticated generators.

我迅速环顾四周，找不到任何真正的"随机发生器.

I looked around quickly, and I couldn't find any "truly" random generators.

尝试在其他随机数上添加一个小数，看看开始发生了.

Try adding a tiny number to the other random numbers and see start happens.

只是为了阐明我的意思:

Just to clarify what I meant:

#Instead of:

self.move[0] = random.randrange(directions[self.direction][0][0],directions[self.direction][0][1])
self.move[1] = random.randrange(directions[self.direction][1][0],directions[self.direction][1][1])

#Try something like:

smallOffset = random.random() #Random floating-point number between 0 and 1 ("Tiny number")

self.move[0] = random.randrange(directions[self.direction][0][0],directions[self.direction][0][1]) + smallOffset
self.move[1] = random.randrange(directions[self.direction][1][0],directions[self.direction][1][1]) + smallOffset

您可能需要调整 smallOffset 来限制它可以变大的大小(因为它的值最多可以达到1，这已经不再很小了)

You may have to adjust smallOffset to limit how large it can get (because, it can be a value up to almost 1, which isn't really small anymore)

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