什么是面向服务的架构？ [英] What is service-oriented architecture?

问题描述

什么是面向服务的架构？

What is service-oriented architecture?

推荐答案

SOA是方法来开发面向服务的应用程序和WCF是技术，可用于开发面向服务的应用程序。但SOA定义严格的规则（称为SOA信条）应用程序。如果你不遵循这些规则，你是构建服务，但这些服务不符合SOA。

SOA is way to develop service oriented applications and WCF is technology which can be used to develop service oriented applications. BUT SOA defines strict rules (known as SOA tenets) for applications. If you don't follow these rules you are building services but these services do not conform to SOA.

WCF，您可以开发很多类型的服务。你可以开发出符合SOA或不互操作的SOAP服务。您可以开发纯.NET服务与非可互操作的功能，你可以开发REST服务。

WCF allows you to develop plenty of types of services. You can develop interoperable SOAP services which conform to SOA or which doesn't. You can develop pure .NET services with non interoperable features and you can develop REST services.

此外，在SOA服务可以用比WCF有不同的含义。在WCF服务的功能集合暴露在端点。在SOA中的服务可以是整个应用程序（如服务组的WCF） - 小和大SOA的区别

Moreover in SOA service can have different meaning than in WCF. In WCF service is collection of functionality exposed on endpoints. In SOA the service can be whole application (set of WCF like services) - difference between small and big SOA.

SOA原则是：

• 边界是明确的 - 服务不与其他服务共享任何东西（甚至数据库表和数据不能共享）


• 服务是自治的 - 每个服务都是独立的，可以单独部署和版本


• 服务共享模式和契约，而非类 - 服务的WSDL描述，传输的数据在XSD描述，编排（聚合）在BPEL描述


• 服务的兼容性是基于策略 - WSDL包含WS-策略描述所需的互操作性配置

正如你所看到尤其是前两个原则可以构建WCF服务时，很容易受到侵犯。

As you see especially first two tenets can be easily violated when building WCF service.

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