matplotlib在同一注释中使用两种不同的颜色 [英] matplotlib two different colors in the same annotate

问题描述

我正在尝试在 python 中创建一个图形，make is 以便相同的 annotate 文本将有两种颜色，annonate 的一半是蓝色，另一半是红色.

I am trying to create a figure in python and make is so that the same annonate text will have two colors, half of the annonate will be blue and the other half will be red.

我认为代码说明了自己.我有3条线，一条是绿色的，一条是绿色的，一条是蓝色的，一条是蓝色的，一条是蓝色的.

I think the code explain itself. I have 3 lines 1 green with green annonate, 1 blue with blue annonate.

第三个是红色，是图1和图2的总和，我希望它具有一半的蓝色和一半的绿色.

The 3rd is red its the summation of plot 1 and plot 2, and I want it to have half annonate blue and half green.

ipython -pylab

ipython -pylab

x=arange(0,4,0.1)

exp1 = e**(-x/5)
exp2 = e**(-x/1)
exp3 = e**(-x/5) +e**(-x/1) 

figure()
plot(x,exp1)
plot(x,exp2)
plot(x,exp1+exp2)
title('Exponential Decay')


annotate(r'$e^{-x/5}$', xy=(x[10], exp1[10]), xytext=(-20,-35), 
         textcoords='offset points', ha='center', va='bottom',color='blue',
          bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.2', fc='yellow', alpha=0.3),
          arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', connectionstyle='arc3,rad=0.95', 
                            color='b'))

annotate(r'$e^{-x/1}$', xy=(x[10], exp2[10]), xytext=(-5,20), 
         textcoords='offset points', ha='center', va='bottom',color='green',
          bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.2', fc='yellow', alpha=0.3),
          arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', connectionstyle='arc3,rad=-0.5', 
                            color='g'))

annotate(r'$e^{-x/5} + e^{-x/1}$', xy=(x[10], exp2[10]+exp1[10]), xytext=(40,20), 
         textcoords='offset points', ha='center', va='bottom',
          bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.2', fc='yellow', alpha=0.3),
          arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', connectionstyle='arc3,rad=-0.5', 
                            color='red'))

有可能吗?

推荐答案

你可以使用 r'$\textcolor{blue}{e^{-x/5}} + \textcolor{green}{e^{-x/1}}$' 使文本一半蓝色一半绿色.例如，使用您自己的代码:

You can use r'$\textcolor{blue}{e^{-x/5}} + \textcolor{green}{e^{-x/1}}$' to make the text half blue, half green. Using your own code for example:

图像由以下代码生成.已在具有默认 matplotlibrc 设置的matplotlib v2.1.2中进行了测试.

The image is generated by the following code. Testd with matplotlib v2.1.2 with the default matplotlibrc settings.

import matplotlib as matplotlib
matplotlib.use('pgf')
matplotlib.rc('pgf', texsystem='pdflatex')  # from running latex -v
preamble = matplotlib.rcParams.setdefault('pgf.preamble', [])
preamble.append(r'\usepackage{color}')

from numpy import *
from matplotlib.pyplot import *

x=arange(0,4,0.1)

exp1 = e**(-x/5)
exp2 = e**(-x/1)
exp3 = e**(-x/5) +e**(-x/1) 

figure()
plot(x,exp1)
plot(x,exp2)
plot(x,exp1+exp2)
title('Exponential Decay')


annotate(r'$e^{-x/5}$', xy=(x[10], exp1[10]), xytext=(-20,-25), 
         textcoords='offset points', ha='center', va='bottom',color='blue',
         bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.2', fc='yellow', alpha=0.3),
         arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', connectionstyle='arc3,rad=0.95', 
                            color='b'))

annotate(r'$e^{-x/1}$', xy=(x[10], exp2[10]), xytext=(25,20), 
         textcoords='offset points', ha='center', va='bottom',color='green',
         bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.2', fc='yellow', alpha=0.3),
         arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', connectionstyle='arc3,rad=-0.5', 
                            color='g'))

annotate(r'$\textcolor{blue}{e^{-x/5}} + \textcolor[rgb]{0.0, 0.5, 0.0}{e^{-x/1}}$', 
         xy=(x[10], exp2[10]+exp1[10]), xytext=(40,20), 
         textcoords='offset points', ha='center', va='bottom',
         bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.2', fc='yellow', alpha=0.3),
         arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', connectionstyle='arc3,rad=-0.5', 
                            color='red'))

savefig('test.png')

主要是你的代码有以下变化:

It is mainly your code with the following changes:

1. 您需要使用 pgf 后端.
2. 在pgf.preamble
中使用package color
3. 第一和第二注释之间有些重叠，因此 xytext 发生了变化.
4. 第二个注释中的 color='g' 实际上没有使用像 rgb 的 (0, 255, 0) 这样的纯绿色"颜色.\textcolor[rgb]{0.0, 0.5, 0.0} 让它看起来很像.

1. You need to use a pgf backend.
2. Usepackage color in pgf.preamble
3. There's some overlapping with the 1st and 2nd annotations, so xytext is changed.
4. The color='g' in te 2nd annotation actually didn't use the pure "Green" color like (0, 255, 0) of rgb. \textcolor[rgb]{0.0, 0.5, 0.0} makes it looking alike.

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