matplotlib x轴刻度日期格式和位置 [英] matplotlib x-axis ticks dates formatting and locations

问题描述

我尝试复制最初使用 flotr2 创建的绘图图形，用于使用 matplotlib 的 pdf 输出.我必须说，flotr的使用方式更简单...但是，除此之外-我目前无法将x轴上的日期/时间格式化为所需格式，即小时:分钟，间隔为2小时(如果使用句点)如果周期长于 1 天且间隔为 1 天，则 x 轴上的为小于一天和年-月-日格式.

I've tried to duplicate plotted graphs originally created with flotr2 for pdf output with matplotlib. I must say that flotr is way easyer to use... but that aside - im currently stuck at trying to format the dates /times on x-axis to desired format, which is hours:minutes with interval of every 2 hours, if period on x-axis is less than one day and year-month-day format if period is longer than 1 day with interval of one day.

我已经阅读了许多示例并试图复制它们，但结果仍然相同，即小时:分钟:秒，根据时间段的长短，间隔为 1 到 3 小时.

I've read through numerous examples and tried to copy them, but outcome remains the same which is hours:minutes:seconds with 1 to 3 hour interval based on how long is the period.

我的代码:

colorMap = {
        'speed': '#3388ff',
        'fuel': '#ffaa33',
        'din1': '#3bb200',
        'din2': '#ff3333',
        'satellites': '#bfbfff'
}

otherColors = ['#00A8F0','#C0D800','#CB4B4B','#4DA74D','#9440ED','#800080','#737CA1','#E4317F','#7D0541','#4EE2EC','#6698FF','#437C17','#7FE817','#FBB117']

plotMap = {}

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.dates as dates
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(22, 5), dpi = 300, edgecolor='k')
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111)

realdata = data['data']
keys = realdata.keys()
if 'speed' in keys:
    speed_index = keys.index('speed')
    keys.pop(speed_index)
    keys.insert(0, 'speed')

i = 0
for key in keys:
    if key not in colorMap.keys():
        color = otherColors[i]
        otherColors.pop(i)
        colorMap[key] = color
        i += 1

label = u'%s' % realdata[keys[0]]['name']
ax1.set_ylabel(label)

plotMap[keys[0]] = {}
plotMap[keys[0]]['label'] = label

first_dates = [ r[0] for r in realdata[keys[0]]['data']]

date_range = first_dates[-1] - first_dates[0]


ax1.xaxis.reset_ticks()

if date_range > datetime.timedelta(days = 1):
    ax1.xaxis.set_major_locator(dates.WeekdayLocator(byweekday = 1, interval=1))
    ax1.xaxis.set_major_formatter(dates.DateFormatter('%Y-%m-%d'))
else:
    ax1.xaxis.set_major_locator(dates.HourLocator(byhour=range(24), interval=2))
    ax1.xaxis.set_major_formatter(dates.DateFormatter('%H:%M'))

ax1.xaxis.grid(True)

plotMap[keys[0]]['plot'] = ax1.plot_date(
                                dates.date2num(first_dates), 
                                [r[1] for r in realdata[keys[0]]['data']], colorMap[keys[0]], xdate=True)

if len(keys) > 1:
    first = True
    for key in keys[1:]:
        if first:
            ax2 = ax1.twinx()
            ax2.set_ylabel(u'%s' % realdata[key]['name'])
            first = False
        plotMap[key] = {}
        plotMap[key]['label'] = u'%s' % realdata[key]['name']
        plotMap[key]['plot'] = ax2.plot_date(
                                    dates.date2num([ r[0] for r in realdata[key]['data']]), 
                                    [r[1] for r in realdata[key]['data']], colorMap[key], xdate=True)


plt.legend([value['plot'] for key, value in plotMap.iteritems()], [value['label'] for key, value in plotMap.iteritems()], loc = 2)

plt.savefig(path +"node.png", dpi = 300, bbox_inches='tight')

有人可以指出为什么我没有得到想要的结果吗?

could someone point out why im not getting desired results, please?

Edit1:

在绘制后我移动了格式块，现在看来效果更好.尽管如此，它们现在仍然是理想的结果.如果期间少于一天，那么我每 2 小时(间隔 = 2)就会得到一次滴答声，但我希望我能在偶数小时而不是不均匀的时间得到这些滴答声.这可能吗?

I moved the formatting block after the plotting and seem to be getting better results now. They are still now desired results though. If period is less than day then i get ticks after every 2 hours (interval=2), but i wish i could get those ticks at even hours not uneven hours. Is that possible?

if date_range > datetime.timedelta(days = 1):
    xax.set_major_locator(dates.DayLocator(bymonthday=range(1,32), interval=1))
    xax.set_major_formatter(dates.DateFormatter('%Y-%m-%d'))
else:
    xax.set_major_locator(dates.HourLocator(byhour=range(24), interval=2))
    xax.set_major_formatter(dates.DateFormatter('%H:%M'))

Edit2:这似乎给了我我想要的:

This seemed to give me what i wanted:

if date_range > datetime.timedelta(days = 1):
    xax.set_major_locator(dates.DayLocator(bymonthday=range(1,32), interval=1))
    xax.set_major_formatter(dates.DateFormatter('%Y-%m-%d'))
else:
    xax.set_major_locator(dates.HourLocator(byhour=range(0,24,2)))
    xax.set_major_formatter(dates.DateFormatter('%H:%M'))

艾伦

推荐答案

我通过执行此操作实现了我想要的:

I achieved what i wanted by doing this:

if date_range > datetime.timedelta(days = 1):
    xax.set_major_locator(dates.DayLocator(bymonthday=range(1,32), interval=1))
    xax.set_major_formatter(dates.DateFormatter('%Y-%m-%d'))
else:
    xax.set_major_locator(dates.HourLocator(byhour=range(0,24,2)))
    xax.set_major_formatter(dates.DateFormatter('%H:%M'))

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