使用subplot2grid时如何sharex [英] How to sharex when using subplot2grid

问题描述

我是最近转换为Python的Matlab用户.我自己管理大部分的Python技能，但是通过绘图，我已经不知所措了，需要一些帮助.

I'm a Matlab user recently converted to Python. Most of the Python skills I manage on my own, but with plotting I have hit the wall and need some help.

这就是我想要做的...

This is what I'm trying to do...

我需要制作一个包含3个具有以下属性的子图的图形:

I need to make a figure that consists of 3 subplots with following properties:

• 子图布局为311、312、313
• 312和313的高度大约是311的一半
• 所有子图共享相同的X轴
• 子图之间的间距为0(它们在X轴上彼此接触)

顺便说一下，我知道如何制作所有这些，只是不是在一个数字中.那就是我现在面临的问题.

By the way I know how to make all this, only not in a single figure. That is the problem I'm facing now.

例如，这是我理想的子图布局:

For example, this is my ideal subplot layout:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

t = np.arange(0.0, 2.0, 0.01)

s1 = np.sin(2*np.pi*t)
s2 = np.exp(-t)
s3 = s1*s2

fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = plt.subplot2grid((4,3), (0,0), colspan=3, rowspan=2)
ax2 = plt.subplot2grid((4,3), (2,0), colspan=3)
ax3 = plt.subplot2grid((4,3), (3,0), colspan=3)

ax1.plot(t,s1)
ax2.plot(t[:150],s2[:150])
ax3.plot(t[30:],s3[30:])

plt.tight_layout()

plt.show()

注意不同子图的x轴未对齐.我不知道如何在此图中对齐x轴，但是如果我做这样的事情:

Notice how the x axis of different subplots is misaligned. I do not know how to align the x axis in this figure, but if I do something like this:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

t = np.arange(0.0, 2.0, 0.01)

s1 = np.sin(2*np.pi*t)
s2 = np.exp(-t)
s3 = s1*s2

fig2, (ax1, ax2, ax3) = plt.subplots(nrows=3, ncols=1, sharex=True)

ax1.plot(t,s1)
ax2.plot(t[:150],s2[:150])
ax3.plot(t[30:],s3[30:])

plt.tight_layout()

plt.show()

现在，x轴在子图之间对齐，但是所有子图都具有相同的大小(这不是我想要的大小)

Now the x axis is aligned between the subplots, but all subplots are the same size (which is not what I want)

此外，我希望子图在 x 轴上像这样接触:

Furthermore, I would like that the subplots are touching at x axis like this:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

t = np.arange(0.0, 2.0, 0.01)

s1 = np.sin(2*np.pi*t)
s2 = np.exp(-t)
s3 = s1*s2

fig1 = plt.figure()
plt.subplots_adjust(hspace=0)

ax1 = plt.subplot(311)
ax2 = plt.subplot(312, sharex=ax1)
ax3 = plt.subplot(313, sharex=ax1)

ax1.plot(t,s1)
ax2.plot(t[:150],s2[:150])
ax3.plot(t[30:],s3[30:])

xticklabels = ax1.get_xticklabels()+ax2.get_xticklabels()
plt.setp(xticklabels, visible=False)

plt.show()

所以重新表述我的问题:

So to rephrase my question:

我想使用

plt.subplot2grid(..., colspan=3, rowspan=2)
plt.subplots(..., sharex=True)
plt.subplots_adjust(hspace=0)

和

plt.tight_layout()

一起出现在同一张图中.如何做到这一点?

together in the same figure. How to do that?

推荐答案

在创建第二和第三子图时只需指定 sharex = ax1 .

Just specify sharex=ax1 when creating your second and third subplots.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

t = np.arange(0.0, 2.0, 0.01)

s1 = np.sin(2*np.pi*t)
s2 = np.exp(-t)
s3 = s1*s2

fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = plt.subplot2grid((4,3), (0,0), colspan=3, rowspan=2)
ax2 = plt.subplot2grid((4,3), (2,0), colspan=3, sharex=ax1)
ax3 = plt.subplot2grid((4,3), (3,0), colspan=3, sharex=ax1)

ax1.plot(t,s1)
ax2.plot(t[:150],s2[:150])
ax3.plot(t[30:],s3[30:])

fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0)   
for ax in [ax1, ax2]:
    plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(), visible=False)
    # The y-ticks will overlap with "hspace=0", so we'll hide the bottom tick
    ax.set_yticks(ax.get_yticks()[1:])  

plt.show()

如果仍然使用 fig.tight_layout()，则需要在之前 fig.subplots_adjust(hspace = 0).这样做的原因是 tight_layout 通过自动计算 subplots_adjust 的参数然后调用它来工作，所以如果 subplots_adjust 首先被手动调用，那么对它的第一次调用将被 tight_layout 覆盖.

If you still what to use fig.tight_layout(), you'll need to call it before fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0). The reason for this is that tight_layout works by automatically calculating parameters for subplots_adjust and then calling it, so if subplots_adjust is manually called first, anything in the first call to it will be overridden by tight_layout.

例如

fig.tight_layout()
fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0)

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