在 Matplotlib 中以对数刻度将文本旋转到一行上 [英] Rotating text onto a line on a log scale in Matplotlib

问题描述

问题

我正在使用对数标度的数据，并希望将其旋转以适合一条线.我知道该模型，但不确定我应该将哪个角度插入 transform_angles 以恢复正确的旋转.经过一番反复试验后，我知道对于我需要的轴限制，答案大约是 10 度.

MWE

 将matplotlib.pylab导入为plt将numpy导入为npplt.clf()plt.yscale('log')plt.ylim((1e-11, 1e-1)) # 通常会绘制其他数据，这些是我需要的范围.plt.xlim((-0.2, 7.2))x_fit = np.linspace(0.8, 3.2, 1000)y_ols =(lambda x:np.exp(np.log(2)*(-20.8 + -1.23 * x)))(x_fit)#我从OLS拟合中获得了这些数字.plt.plot(x_fit，y_ols，'b-'，破折号=''，标签='__ nolegend__')plt.gca().text(np.min(x_fit)，1.2 * y_ols [0]，r'$ O(2 ^ {{{{..3} x}})$'.format(-1.23)，旋转=-10).set_bbox(dict(facecolor='w', alpha=0.7, edgecolor='k', linewidth=0)) # 还有几行被省略了.

类似问题(

Problem

I am working with data on a logarithmic scale and would like to rotate it to fit a line. I know the model but am unsure quite what angle I should be plugging into transform_angles to recover the correct rotation. After a bit of trial and error I know the answer is around 10 degrees for the axes limits I require.

MWE

import matplotlib.pylab as plt
import numpy as np

plt.clf()
plt.yscale('log')
plt.ylim((1e-11, 1e-1))  # Other data is usually plotted and these are the ranges I need. 
plt.xlim((-0.2, 7.2))
x_fit = np.linspace(0.8, 3.2, 1000)
y_ols = (lambda x: np.exp(np.log(2)*(-20.8 + -1.23 * x)))(x_fit)  # I get these numbers from OLS fitting. 
plt.plot(x_fit, y_ols, 'b-', dashes='', label='__nolegend__')
plt.gca().text(np.min(x_fit), 1.2*y_ols[0], r'$O(2^{{ {:.3}x }})$'.format(-1.23), rotation=-10).set_bbox(dict(facecolor='w', alpha=0.7, edgecolor='k', linewidth=0))  # There are several others lines which have been omitted. 

Similar questions (keeps text rotated in data coordinate system after resizing?) only use linear axes, as do the matplotlib demos.

Remarks on the plot to answer comments

---

• In my full plot I use a dual axis (both on log scales) with the twinx() feature. All the data are plotted on ax1 which uses a log-10 scale (as shown). (I could be more explicit and write yscale('log', basey=10)...). Ultimately I want a base-10 axis.
• The model used in making y_ols comes from a regression fit to some original data and requires base-2. On a log scale it is easy enough to recover the gradient in any required base.

Using gradients

It is easy enough to recover the gradient on a logarithmic scale, using a mix of np.gradient and an angle (in radians) using np.arctan, but I can't seem to recover a number close to the 10 degrees (0.17 radians).

transData.transform_angles(np.array((np.mean(np.gradient(np.log10(y_ols), np.mean(np.diff(x_fit)))),)), np.array([np.min(x_fit), 1.2*y_ols[0]]).reshape((1, 2)), radians=True)[0]

gives -1.6radians (approximately -90 degrees), whereas I require a number closer to 0.17radians. Perhaps I should be using a different base, or I am doing this all wrong (hence the post).

Extras - vertical offset

As can be seen in the code, I have added a vertical offset for the anchor point when using 1.2*y_ols[0]. If a solution needs to take this into consideration then all the better.

解决方案

Note that I provided a general purpose class to achieve this as an answer to the original question. This will update itself on axes limits changes or zoom events etc. And it will work with log scales as well.

---

In the following I will hence only provide a comparisson between between linear and log scale to help understand that there isn't actually any difference between using a log or a linear scale with the approach from the linked matplotlib "text_rotation_relative_to_line" example.

You first calculate the angle in data coordinates. This can easily be done with numpy.arctan2 and the difference of the first two data (or any other pair of close-by data) as arguments.
Then you use ax.transData.transform_angles to transform the angle given in data coordinates to the angle in screen coordinates.

Below is an example (taking the data from the other answer) for the same case on a linear and a log scale.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(nrows=2, figsize=(6, 4), sharex=True)

ax2.set_yscale('log')
ax2.set(ylim=(1e-11, 1e-1), xlim=(-0.2, 7.2))

x = np.linspace(0.8, 6.2, 100)
y = (lambda x: 10**(( -2 - x)))(x)  

# angle in data coordinates
angle_data = np.rad2deg(np.arctan2(y[1]-y[0], x[1]-x[0]))

# Apply the exact same code to linear and log axes
for ax in (ax1, ax2):

    ax.plot(x, y, 'b-')

    # angle in screen coordinates
    angle_screen = ax.transData.transform_angles(np.array((angle_data,)), 
                                              np.array([x[0], y[0]]).reshape((1, 2)))[0]

    # using `annotate` allows to specify an offset in units of points
    ax.annotate("Text", xy=(x[0],y[0]), xytext=(2,2), textcoords="offset points", 
                rotation_mode='anchor', rotation=angle_screen)

plt.show()

这篇关于在 Matplotlib 中以对数刻度将文本旋转到一行上的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！