MS Access，获取四分位数(百分比) [英] MS Access, get quartiles(percentage)
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问题描述
我需要在按年份和群组对记录(值)进行排序的查询中调用此函数.例如:第 1 年是第 1 年，队列 A 是队列 A，请给出队列 A 值的最小值、最大值、中位数和四分位数.
您能否展示我将如何在查询设计中应用此功能?谢谢
I need to call this function in a query that sorts the records (Values) by year and cohort. E.g.: where Year 1 is Year 1 and Cohort A is Cohort A, give me Min, Max, Median and Quartiles for the Values from Cohort A.
Can you please show how I would apply this function in a query design? Thank you
Public Function GetQuartile( _
ByVal strTable As String, _
ByVal strField As String, _
ByVal bytQuartile As Byte, _
Optional ByVal bytMethod As Byte, _
Optional ByVal strFilter As String) _
As Double
' strTable : Name of the table/query to analyze.
' strField : Name of the field to analyze.
' bytQuartile: Which min/max or median/quartile to calculate.
' bytMethod: Method for calculation of lower/higher quartile.
' strFilter: Optional filter expression.
'
' Returns:
' Minimum, maximum, median or upper/lower quartile
' of strField of strTable filtered on strFilter.
'
' 2006-03-05. Cactus Data ApS, CPH.
' Reference for methods for calculation as explained here:
' http://www.daheiser.info/excel/notes/noteh.pdf
' Note: Table H-4, p. 4, has correct data for dataset 1-96 while
' datasets 1-100 to 1-97 actually are datasets 1-99 to 1-96
' shifted one column left.
' Thus, the dataset 1-100 is missing.
'
' Method 3b is not implemented as no one seems to use it.
' Neither are no example data given.
'
' Further notes on methods here:
' http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/60969.html
' http://www.haiweb.org/medicineprices/manual/quartiles_iTSS.pdf
'
' Data must be in ascending order by strField.
' L: Q1, Lower quartile.
' H: Q3, Higher quartile.
' M: Q2, Median.
' n: Count of elements.
' p: Calculated position of quartile.
' j: Element of dataset.
' g: Decimal part of p
' to be used for interpolation between j and j+1.
' Basic operation.
' Constant values mimic those of Excel's Quartile() function.
' Find median.
Const cbytQuartMedian As Byte = 2
' Find lower (first) quartile.
Const cbytQuartLow As Byte = 1
' Find upper (third) quartile.
Const cbytQuartHigh As Byte = 3
' Find minimum value.
Const cbytQuartMinimum As Byte = 0
' Find maximum value.
Const cbytQuartMaximum As Byte = 4
' Define default operation.
Const cbytQuartDefault = cbytQuartMedian
' Quartile calculation methods.
' Step. Mendenhall and Sincich method.
' SAS #3.
' Round up to actual element of dataset.
' L: -Int(-n/4)
' H: n-Int(-n/4)
Const cbytMethodMendenhallSincich As Byte = 1
' Average step.
' SAS #5, Minitab (%DESCRIBE), GLIM (percentile).
' Add bias of one or two on basis of n/4.
' L: (Int((n+1)/4)+Int(n/4))/2+1
' H: n-(Int((n+1)/4)+Int(n/4))/2+1
Const cbytMethodAverage As Byte = 2
' Nearest integer to np.
' SAS #2.
' Round to nearest integer on basis of n/4.
' L: Int((n+2)/4)
' H: n-Int((n+2)/4)
' Note:
' Reference contains an error in example data.
' Dataset 1-100 to 1-97 (is really 1-99 to 1-96!) should read:
' 25 25 24 24
Const cbytMethodNearestInteger As Byte = 3
' Parzen method.
' Method 1 with interpolation.
' SAS #1.
' L: n/4
' H: 3n/4
Const cbytMethodParzen As Byte = 4
' Hazen method.
' Values midway between method 1 steps.
' GLIM (interpolate).
' Add bias of 2, don't round to actual element of dataset.
' L: (n+2)/4
' H: 3(n+2)/4
Const cbytMethodHazen As Byte = 5
' Weibull method.
' SAS #4. Minitab (DECRIBE), SPSS, BMDP.
' Add bias of 1, don't round to actual element of dataset.
' L: (n+1)/4
' H: 3(n+1)/4
Const cbytMethodWeibull As Byte = 6
' Freund, J. and Perles, B., Gumbell method.
' S-PLUS, R, Excel, Star Office Calc.
' Add bias of 3, don't round to actual element of dataset.
' L: (n+3)/4
' H: (3n+1)/4
Const cbytMethodFreundPerles As Byte = 7
' Median Position.
' Median unbiased.
' L: (3n+5)/12
' H: (9n+7)/12
Const cbytMethodMedianPosition As Byte = 8
' Bernard and Bos-Levenbach.
' L: (n/4)+0.4
' H: (3n/4)/+0.6
' Note:
' Reference claims L to be (n/4)+0.31.
Const cbytMethodBernardLevenbach As Byte = 9
' Blom's Plotting Position.
' Better approximation when the distribution is normal.
' L: (4n+7)/16
' H: (12n+9)/16
Const cbytMethodBlom As Byte = 10
' Moore's first method.
' Add bias of one half step.
' L: (n+0.5)/4
' H: n-(n+0.5)/4
Const cbytMethodMoore1 As Byte = 11
' Moore's second method.
' Add bias of one or two steps on basis of (n+1)/4.
' L: (Int((n+1)/4)+Int(n/4))/2+1
' H: n-(Int((n+1)/4)+Int(n/4))/2+1
Const cbytMethodMoore2 As Byte = 12
' John Tukey's method.
' Include median from odd dataset in dataset for quartile.
' L: (1-Int(-n/2))/2
' H: n-(1-Int(-n/2))/2
Const cbytMethodTukey As Byte = 13
' Moore and McCabe (M & M), variation of John Tukey's method.
' TI-83.
' Exclude median from odd dataset in dataset for quartile.
' L: (Int(n/2)+1)/2
' H: n-(Int(n/2)+1)/2
Const cbytMethodTukeyMM As Byte = 14
' Additional variations between Weibull's and Hazen's methods, from
' (i-0.000)/(n+1.00)
' to
' (i-0.500)/(n+0.00)
'
' Variation of Weibull.
' L: n(n/4-0)/(n+1)
' H: n(3n/4-0)/(n+1)
Const cbytMethodModWeibull As Byte = 15
' Variation of Blom.
' L: n(n/4-3/8)/(n+1/4)
' H: n(3n/4-3/8)/(n+1/4)
Const cbytMethodModBlom As Byte = 16
' Variation of Tukey.
' L: n(n/4-1/3)/(n+1/3)
' H: n(3n/4-1/3)/(n+1/3)
Const cbytMethodModTukey As Byte = 17
' Variation of Cunnane.
' L: n(n/4-2/5)/(n+1/5)
' H: n(3n/4-2/5)/(n+1/5)
Const cbytMethodModCunnane As Byte = 18
' Variation of Gringorten.
' L: n(n/4-0.44)/(n+0.12)
' H: n(3n/4-0.44)/(n+0.12)
Const cbytMethodModGringorten As Byte = 19
' Variation of Hazen.
' L: n(n/4-1/2)/n
' H: n(3n/4-1/2)/n
Const cbytMethodModHazen As Byte = 20
' Define default method to calculate quartiles.
Const cbytMethodDefault = cbytMethodFreundPerles
Static dbs As DAO.Database
Static rst As DAO.Recordset
Dim strSQL As String
Dim lngNumber As Long
Dim dblPosition As Double
Dim lngPosition As Long
Dim dblInterpol As Double
Dim dblValueOne As Double
Dim dblValueTwo As Double
Dim dblQuartile As Double
' Use default calculation if choice of calculation is outside range.
If bytQuartile > 4 Then
bytQuartile = cbytQuartDefault
End If
' Use default method if choice of method is outside range.
If bytMethod = 0 Or bytMethod > 20 Then
bytMethod = cbytMethodDefault
End If
If dbs Is Nothing Then
Set dbs = CurrentDb()
End If
If Len(strTable) > 0 And Len(strField) > 0 Then
strSQL = "SELECT [" & strField & "] FROM [" & strTable & "] "
strSQL = strSQL & "WHERE ([" & strField & "] Is Not Null) "
If Len(strFilter) > 0 Then
strSQL = strSQL & "AND (" & strFilter & ") "
End If
strSQL = strSQL & "ORDER BY [" & strField & "];"
Set rst = dbs.OpenRecordset(strSQL)
With rst
If Not .EOF = True Then
If bytQuartile = cbytQuartMinimum Then
' No need to count records.
lngNumber = 1
Else
' Count records.
.MoveLast
lngNumber = .RecordCount
End If
Select Case bytQuartile
Case cbytQuartMinimum
' Current record is first record.
' Read value of this record.
Case cbytQuartMaximum
' Current record is last record.
' Read value of this record.
Case cbytQuartMedian
' Locate position of median.
dblPosition = (lngNumber + 1) / 2
Case cbytQuartLow
Select Case bytMethod
Case cbytMethodMendenhallSincich
dblPosition = -Int(-lngNumber / 4)
Case cbytMethodAverage
dblPosition = (Int((lngNumber + 1) / 4) + Int(lngNumber / 4)) / 2 + 1
Case cbytMethodNearestInteger
dblPosition = Int((lngNumber + 2) / 4)
Case cbytMethodParzen
dblPosition = lngNumber / 4
Case cbytMethodHazen
dblPosition = (lngNumber + 2) / 4
Case cbytMethodWeibull
dblPosition = (lngNumber + 1) / 4
Case cbytMethodFreundPerles
dblPosition = (lngNumber + 3) / 4
Case cbytMethodMedianPosition
dblPosition = (3 * lngNumber + 5) / 12
Case cbytMethodBernardLevenbach
dblPosition = (lngNumber / 4) + 0.4
Case cbytMethodBlom
dblPosition = (4 * lngNumber + 7) / 16
Case cbytMethodMoore1
dblPosition = (lngNumber + 0.5) / 4
Case cbytMethodMoore2
dblPosition = (Int((lngNumber + 1) / 4) + Int(lngNumber / 4)) / 2 + 1
Case cbytMethodTukey
dblPosition = (1 - Int(-lngNumber / 2)) / 2
Case cbytMethodTukeyMM
dblPosition = (Int(lngNumber / 2) + 1) / 2
Case cbytMethodModWeibull
dblPosition = lngNumber * (lngNumber / 4) / (lngNumber + 1)
Case cbytMethodModBlom
dblPosition = lngNumber * (lngNumber / 4 - 3 / 8) / (lngNumber + 1 / 4)
Case cbytMethodModTukey
dblPosition = lngNumber * (lngNumber / 4 - 1 / 3) / (lngNumber + 1 / 3)
Case cbytMethodModCunnane
dblPosition = lngNumber * (lngNumber / 4 - 2 / 5) / (lngNumber + 1 / 5)
Case cbytMethodModGringorten
dblPosition = lngNumber * (lngNumber / 4 - 0.44) / (lngNumber + 0.12)
Case cbytMethodModHazen
dblPosition = lngNumber * (lngNumber / 4 - 1 / 2) / lngNumber
End Select
Case cbytQuartHigh
Select Case bytMethod
Case cbytMethodMendenhallSincich
dblPosition = lngNumber - (-Int(-lngNumber / 4))
Case cbytMethodAverage
dblPosition = lngNumber - (Int((lngNumber + 1) / 4) + Int(lngNumber / 4)) / 2 + 1
Case cbytMethodNearestInteger
dblPosition = lngNumber - Int((lngNumber + 2) / 4)
Case cbytMethodParzen
dblPosition = 3 * lngNumber / 4
Case cbytMethodHazen
dblPosition = 3 * (lngNumber + 2) / 4
Case cbytMethodWeibull
dblPosition = 3 * (lngNumber + 1) / 4
Case cbytMethodFreundPerles
dblPosition = (3 * lngNumber + 1) / 4
Case cbytMethodMedianPosition
dblPosition = (9 * lngNumber + 7) / 12
Case cbytMethodBernardLevenbach
dblPosition = (3 * lngNumber / 4) + 0.6
Case cbytMethodBlom
dblPosition = (12 * lngNumber + 9) / 16
Case cbytMethodMoore1
dblPosition = lngNumber - (lngNumber + 0.5) / 4
Case cbytMethodMoore2
dblPosition = lngNumber - (Int((lngNumber + 1) / 4) + Int(lngNumber / 4)) / 2 + 1
Case cbytMethodTukey
dblPosition = lngNumber - (1 - Int(-lngNumber / 2)) / 2
Case cbytMethodTukeyMM
dblPosition = lngNumber - (Int(lngNumber / 2) + 1) / 2
Case cbytMethodModWeibull
dblPosition = lngNumber * (3 * lngNumber / 4) / (lngNumber + 1)
Case cbytMethodModBlom
dblPosition = lngNumber * (3 * lngNumber / 4 - 3 / 8) / (lngNumber + 1 / 4)
Case cbytMethodModTukey
dblPosition = lngNumber * (3 * lngNumber / 4 - 1 / 3) / (lngNumber + 1 / 3)
Case cbytMethodModCunnane
dblPosition = lngNumber * (3 * lngNumber / 4 - 2 / 5) / (lngNumber + 1 / 5)
Case cbytMethodModGringorten
dblPosition = lngNumber * (3 * lngNumber / 4 - 0.44) / (lngNumber + 0.12)
Case cbytMethodModHazen
dblPosition = lngNumber * (3 * lngNumber / 4 - 1 / 2) / lngNumber
End Select
End Select
Select Case bytQuartile
Case cbytQuartMinimum, cbytQuartMaximum
' Read current row.
Case Else
.MoveFirst
' Find position of first observation to retrieve.
' If lngPosition is 0, then upper position is first record.
' If lngPosition is not 0 and position is not an integer, then
' read the next observation too.
lngPosition = Fix(dblPosition)
dblInterpol = dblPosition - lngPosition
If lngNumber = 1 Then
' Nowhere else to move.
If dblInterpol < 0 Then
' Prevent values to be created by extrapolation beyond zero from observation one
' for these methods:
' cbytMethodModBlom
' cbytMethodModTukey
' cbytMethodModCunnane
' cbytMethodModGringorten
' cbytMethodModHazen
'
' Comment this line out, if reading by extrapolation *is* requested.
dblInterpol = 0
End If
ElseIf lngPosition > 1 Then
' Move to record to read.
.Move lngPosition - 1
End If
End Select
' Retrieve value from first observation.
dblValueOne = .Fields(0).Value
Select Case bytQuartile
Case cbytQuartMinimum, cbytQuartMaximum
dblQuartile = dblValueOne
Case Else
If dblInterpol = 0 Then
' Only one observation to read.
If lngPosition = 0 Then
' Return 0.
Else
dblQuartile = dblValueOne
End If
Else
If lngPosition = 0 Then
' No first observation to retrieve.
dblValueTwo = dblValueOne
If dblValueOne > 0 Then
' Use 0 as other observation.
dblValueOne = 0
Else
dblValueOne = 2 * dblValueOne
End If
Else
' Move to next observation.
.MoveNext
' Retrieve value from second observation.
dblValueTwo = .Fields(0).Value
End If
' For positive values interpolate between 0 and dblValueOne.
' For negative values interpolate between 2 * dblValueOne and dblValueOne.
' Calculate quartile using linear interpolation.
dblQuartile = dblValueOne + dblInterpol * CDec(dblValueTwo - dblValueOne)
End If
End Select
End If
.Close
End With
Else
' Reset.
Set rst = Nothing
Set dbs = Nothing
End If
''Set rst = Nothing
GetQuartile = dblQuartile
End Function
推荐答案
您没有提供任何示例数据或预期结果，但是 - 由于该函数只能返回一个值 - 您很可能必须在您在主查询中分组的字段上加入主查询的子查询.这样，您将根据您在主查询中分组的值进行过滤.
You don't provide any sample data or expected results but - as the function can return one value only - you will most likely have to use the function in a subquery which you join to the main query on the field you group by in the main query. This way you will filter on the value you group by in the main query.
这将为您提供请求的四分位数.Min、Max、Median可以通过Access自带的函数获取.
This will give you the requested Quartile(s). Min, Max, and Median can be obtained with the native function of Access.
编辑
实际上，它可能是这样的:
Actually, it could be something like this:
SELECT
GroupByField,
GetQuartile("YourTable","ValueField",1,"GroupByField='" & [GroupByField] & "'") AS Q1,
GetQuartile("YourTable","ValueField",2,"GroupByField='" & [GroupByField] & "'") AS Q2,
GetQuartile("YourTable","ValueField",3,"GroupByField='" & [GroupByField] & "'") AS Q3,
(Select Avg(ValueField)
From YourTable As T
Where T.GroupByField = YourTable.GroupByField;) AS
AvgValue
FROM
YourTable
GROUP BY
GroupByField;
这篇关于MS Access，获取四分位数(百分比)的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
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