npm install 失败并显示“子集不是函数" [英] npm install fails with 'subset is not a function'

问题描述

我在 Arch Linux x86_64 上有 node v15.14.0 和 npm 7.8.0(从该发行版的存储库安装).

I have node v15.14.0 and npm 7.8.0 on Arch Linux x86_64 (installed from that distro's repos).

使用 npm init 在空目录中启动项目，然后尝试使用 npm i 安装某些东西总是以同样的方式失败.一个例子，在$HOME/tmp中运行:

Starting a project in an empty directory with npm init and then trying to install something with npm i <blah> always fails in the same fashion. An example, run in $HOME/tmp:

$ npm i btoa
npm ERR! subset is not a function

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     $HOME/.npm/_logs/2021-04-08T00_32_19_504Z-debug.log

该日志文件内容如下:

0 verbose cli [ '/usr/bin/node', '/usr/bin/npm', 'i', 'btoa' ]
1 info using npm@7.8.0
2 info using node@v15.14.0
3 timing npm:load:whichnode Completed in 0ms
4 timing config:load:defaults Completed in 1ms
5 timing config:load:file:/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/npmrc Completed in 0ms
6 timing config:load:builtin Completed in 0ms
7 timing config:load:cli Completed in 1ms
8 timing config:load:env Completed in 0ms
9 timing config:load:file:$HOME/tmp/.npmrc Completed in 0ms
10 timing config:load:project Completed in 1ms
11 timing config:load:file:$HOME/.npmrc Completed in 0ms
12 timing config:load:user Completed in 0ms
13 timing config:load:file:/usr/etc/npmrc Completed in 0ms
14 timing config:load:global Completed in 0ms
15 timing config:load:validate Completed in 0ms
16 timing config:load:setEnvs Completed in 1ms
17 timing config:load Completed in 5ms
18 timing npm:load:configload Completed in 5ms
19 timing npm:load:setTitle Completed in 0ms
20 timing npm:load:setupLog Completed in 1ms
21 timing npm:load:cleanupLog Completed in 1ms
22 timing npm:load:configScope Completed in 1ms
23 timing npm:load:projectScope Completed in 0ms
24 timing npm:load Completed in 9ms
25 timing config:load:flatten Completed in 2ms
26 timing arborist:ctor Completed in 0ms
27 timing arborist:ctor Completed in 0ms
28 timing idealTree:init Completed in 13ms
29 timing idealTree:userRequests Completed in 3ms
30 silly idealTree buildDeps
31 silly fetch manifest btoa@*
32 http fetch GET 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/btoa 193ms (from cache)
33 silly placeDep ROOT btoa@1.2.1 KEEP for: tmp@1.0.0 want: *
34 timing idealTree:#root Completed in 198ms
35 timing idealTree:buildDeps Completed in 199ms
36 timing idealTree:fixDepFlags Completed in 0ms
37 timing idealTree Completed in 217ms
38 timing reify:loadTrees Completed in 217ms
39 timing reify:diffTrees Completed in 0ms
40 silly reify moves {}
41 timing reify:retireShallow Completed in 0ms
42 timing reify:createSparse Completed in 0ms
43 timing reify:loadBundles Completed in 0ms
44 timing reify:unpack Completed in 0ms
45 timing reify:unretire Completed in 0ms
46 timing build:queue Completed in 0ms
47 timing build:deps Completed in 1ms
48 timing build Completed in 1ms
49 timing reify:build Completed in 1ms
50 timing reify:trash Completed in 0ms
51 timing command:install Completed in 230ms
52 verbose stack TypeError: subset is not a function
52 verbose stack     at Arborist.[saveIdealTree] (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/arborist/lib/arborist/reify.js:956:37)
52 verbose stack     at /usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/arborist/lib/arborist/reify.js:138:39
52 verbose stack     at async Arborist.reify (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/arborist/lib/arborist/reify.js:134:5)
52 verbose stack     at async Install.install (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/lib/install.js:137:5)
53 verbose cwd $HOME/tmp
54 verbose Linux 5.10.25-1-lts
55 verbose argv "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/bin/npm" "i" "btoa"
56 verbose node v15.14.0
57 verbose npm  v7.8.0
58 error subset is not a function
59 verbose exit 1

所以你可以看到

• 我的全球"模块位于 /usr/lib/node_modules(我可以在其中使用 sudo npm install -g 安装得很好)；
• subset 函数似乎在 install 命令调用时弹出

• my "global" modules live in /usr/lib/node_modules (where I can install just fine with sudo npm install -g);
• the subset function seems to pop up when the install command calls

/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/arborist/lib/arborist/reify.js

我已经检查过那个文件定义了

I've checked that that file defines

const {subset} = require('semver')

我该如何解决这个问题?

How do I fix this?

这是为了解决下面的评论:这个subset 问题不管我尝试安装什么.btoa 只是一个例子.

This is to address a comment below: this subset issue occurs regardless of what I try to install. btoa was nothing but an example.

推荐答案

我能够通过更改 /usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/semver/ranges/subset.js 成为一个空文件.听起来您在安装 npm 时出了点问题，并且至少有一个依赖项 (semver) 没有完全安装.或者也许后来发生了一些事情，将文件覆盖为一个空文件.

I was able to replicate your problem by changing /usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/semver/ranges/subset.js to be an empty file. Sounds like something went wrong during your installation of npm and at least one dependency (semver) didn't fully install. Or maybe somehow something happened later that overwrote the file to be an empty file.

最好的办法是重新安装 node 和 npm.但是您可以尝试一些更窄的事情.你说 npm install -g 正在工作.我觉得这很令人惊讶，但正因为如此，您可以尝试 npm install -g npm 重新安装 npm 本身.那应该可以解决问题.如果这不起作用，您可以尝试 npm install --force -g npm.

Your best bet is to reinstall node and npm. But there are narrower things you can try. You say npm install -g is working. I find that surprising, but because that's the case, you can try npm install -g npm to reinstall npm itself. That should fix things. If that doesn't work, you can try npm install --force -g npm.

但同样:最好的办法是重新安装 node 和 npm.

But again: Your best bet is to reinstall node and npm.

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