使用根 CA 签名者生成自签名证书 [英] Generate Self-signed certificate with Root CA Signer
问题描述
场景:我在 Windows Server 2012r2 上使用 PowerShell 生成根证书,并希望使用它在动态生成(和销毁)的开发/测试环境中对新创建的中间和 Web 证书进行签名.脚本是远程部署的,目的是尽可能保持纯 PowerShell.在 Windows 10/2016 中,这相对容易,生成根证书后:
Scenario: I am using PowerShell on Windows Server 2012r2 to generate a Root certificate and want to use that to sign a newly created Intermediate and Web certificate in dynamic generated (and destroyed) dev/test environments. The scripts are deployed remotely, and the intent is to keep it pure PowerShell if possible. In Windows 10/2016 this is relatively easy, after generating the Root certificate:
$Cert = New-SelfSignedCertificate -Signer $Root -Subject "CN=$Subject"
我已经使用 COM X509Enrollment.CX509CertificateRequestCertificate
和 Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2
在我已经使用了一段时间的混蛋 PS 中生成了根证书,主要是因为我需要确保主题和用法设置得非常具体.我不太确定如何使用它来签署没有上述(我以前使用过)的标准证书.
I've generated the Root certificate using COM X509Enrollment.CX509CertificateRequestCertificate
and Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2
in a bastardized PS that I've had for some time, mainly because I needed to ensure that the Subject and Usage were set very specifically. I am not quite certain how to use this to sign the standard certificate without the above (which I have used before).
有一些在 C# 中使用 Bouncy Castle(见下文)的示例,我可以将其绑定到 PowerShell,但随后我需要在动态开发/测试环境中额外部署它,并且我希望能够在 Powershell 中执行此操作(如果需要,通过 COM)依赖最少.
There are some examples using Bouncy Castle (see below) in C# that I could tie into PowerShell, but then I would need to deploy this additionally on the dynamic dev/test environments and I want to be able to do this in Powershell (via COM if needed) with the least dependencies.
推荐答案
就我而言,避免 makecert 和 openssl 的最终解决方案是使用 Powershell 和 BouncyCastle.我从 RLipscombe 的 PSBouncyCastle 分叉了 PSBouncyCastle 存储库,并将 1.8.1 Bouncy Castle 推入.我的分叉版本是我用于脚本的一个分支位于 Forked: PSBouncyCastle.New.
The ultimate solution in my case, avoiding makecert and openssl was to use Powershell and BouncyCastle. I forked the PSBouncyCastle repo from PSBouncyCastle by RLipscombe and pushed 1.8.1 Bouncy Castle in. My forked version is the one I've used for the script, the fork resides at Forked: PSBouncyCastle.New.
然后我使用了StackOverflow:C# 即时生成证书作为在下面编写以下 powershell 的灵感,我将把它添加到我的 GitHub 并发表评论,我会尽快修改:
I then used StackOverflow: C# Generate Certificates on the Fly as inspiration to write the following powershell below, I will be adding this to my GitHub and commenting, and I will amend this as soon as I do:
Import-Module -Name PSBouncyCastle.New
function New-SelfSignedCertificate {
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[string]$SubjectName,
[string]$FriendlyName = "New Certificate",
[object]$Issuer,
[bool]$IsCA = $false,
[int]$KeyStrength = 2048,
[int]$ValidYears = 2,
[hashtable]$EKU = @{}
)
# Needed generators
$random = New-SecureRandom
$certificateGenerator = New-CertificateGenerator
if($Issuer -ne $null -and $Issuer.HasPrivateKey -eq $true)
{
$IssuerName = $Issuer.IssuerName.Name
$IssuerPrivateKey = $Issuer.PrivateKey
}
# Create and set a random certificate serial number
$serial = New-SerialNumber -Random $random
$certificateGenerator.SetSerialNumber($serial)
# The signature algorithm
$certificateGenerator.SetSignatureAlgorithm('SHA256WithRSA')
# Basic Constraints - certificate is allowed to be used as intermediate.
# Powershell requires either a $null or reassignment or it will return this from the function
$certificateGenerator = Add-BasicConstraints -isCertificateAuthority $IsCA -certificateGenerator $certificateGenerator
# Key Usage
if($EKU.Count -gt 0)
{
$certificateGenerator = $certificateGenerator | Add-ExtendedKeyUsage @EKU
}
# Create and set the Issuer and Subject name
$subjectDN = New-X509Name -Name ($SubjectName)
if($Issuer -ne $null) {
$IssuerDN = New-X509Name -Name ($IssuerName)
}
else
{
$IssuerDN = New-X509Name -Name ($SubjectName)
}
$certificateGenerator.SetSubjectDN($subjectDN)
$certificateGenerator.SetIssuerDN($IssuerDN)
# Authority Key and Subject Identifier
if($Issuer -ne $null)
{
$IssuerKeyPair = ConvertTo-BouncyCastleKeyPair -PrivateKey $IssuerPrivateKey
$IssuerSerial = [Org.BouncyCastle.Math.BigInteger]$Issuer.GetSerialNumber()
$authorityKeyIdentifier = New-AuthorityKeyIdentifier -name $Issuer.IssuerName.Name -publicKey $IssuerKeyPair.Public -serialNumber $IssuerSerial
$certificateGenerator = Add-AuthorityKeyIdentifier -certificateGenerator $certificateGenerator -authorityKeyIdentifier $authorityKeyIdentifier
}
# Validity range of the certificate
[DateTime]$notBefore = (Get-Date).AddDays(-1)
if($ValidYears -gt 0) {
[DateTime]$notAfter = $notBefore.AddYears($ValidYears)
}
$certificateGenerator.SetNotBefore($notBefore)
$certificateGenerator.SetNotAfter($notAfter)
# Subject public key ~and private
$subjectKeyPair = New-KeyPair -Strength $keyStrength -Random $random
if($IssuerPrivateKey -ne $null)
{
$IssuerKeyPair = [Org.BouncyCastle.Security.DotNetUtilities]::GetKeyPair($IssuerPrivateKey)
}
else
{
$IssuerKeyPair = $subjectKeyPair
}
$certificateGenerator.SetPublicKey($subjectKeyPair.Public)
# Create the Certificate
$IssuerKeyPair = $subjectKeyPair
$certificate = $certificateGenerator.Generate($IssuerKeyPair.Private, $random)
# At this point you have the certificate and need to convert it and export, I return the private key for signing the next cert
$pfxCertificate = ConvertFrom-BouncyCastleCertificate -certificate $certificate -subjectKeyPair $subjectKeyPair -friendlyName $FriendlyName
return $pfxCertificate
}
此 powershell 的一些用法示例是:
A few examples of usage for this powershell would be:
生成根 CA
$TestRootCA = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestRootCA" -IsCA $true
Export-Certificate -Certificate $test -OutputFile "TestRootCA.pfx" -X509ContentType Pfx
生成标准自签名
$TestSS = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestLocal"
Export-Certificate -Certificate $TestSS -OutputFile "TestLocal.pfx" -X509ContentType Pfx
生成证书,使用根证书签名
$TestRootCA = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestRootCA" -IsCA $true
$TestSigned = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestSignedByRoot" -issuer $TestRootCA
Export-Certificate -Certificate $test -OutputFile "TestRootCA.pfx" -X509ContentType Pfx
Export-Certificate -Certificate $test -OutputFile "TestRootCA.pfx" -X509ContentType Pfx
生成具有特定用途的自签名
$TestServerCert = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestServerCert" -EKU @{ "ServerAuthentication" = $true }
请注意 -EKU 参数通过 splatting 接受,它这样做是为了确保添加到 Add-ExtendedKeyUsage 的任何内容都有效传递.它接受以下证书用法:
Note that the -EKU parameter accepts via splatting, it does this to ensure that anything added to Add-ExtendedKeyUsage is validly passed. It accepts the following certificate usages:
- 数字签名
- 不可否认性
- 密钥加密
- 数据加密
- 关键协议
- KeyCertSign
- CrlSign
- 仅加密
- DecipherOnly
这符合我的需要,似乎适用于我们用于动态环境的所有 Windows 平台.
This fits my need and seems to work across all Windows Platforms we are using for dynamic environments.
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