无法识别备份-SqlDatabase [英] Backup-SqlDatabase is not recognized

问题描述

我有一个 PowerShell 脚本来备份数据库.但今天它已停止工作，出现下一个错误:

I have a PowerShell script to backup a database. But today it has stoped working with next error:

Backup-SqlDatabase : The term 'Backup-SqlDatabase' is not recognized as 
the name of a cmdlet, function, script file,
or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was
included, verify that the path is correct and
try again.

我没有改变剧本.这可能是什么原因?

I didn't change the script. What could be the reason for that?

更新:安装了 SqlServer 模块.现在我有下一个:

UPDATE: Installed SqlServer module. Now I have next:

Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

PS C:\Temp> import-module sqlserver -erroraction stop -verbose
VERBOSE: Loading module from path 'C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\sqlserver\21.0.17224\sqlserver.psd1'.
VERBOSE: Loading 'TypesToProcess' from path 'C:\Program
Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\sqlserver\21.0.17224\sqlprovider.types.ps1xml'.
VERBOSE: Loading 'FormatsToProcess' from path 'C:\Program
Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\sqlserver\21.0.17224\sqlprovider.format.ps1xml'.
VERBOSE: Populating RepositorySourceLocation property for module sqlserver.
VERBOSE: Loading module from path 'C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\sqlserver\21.0.17224\SqlServer.psm1'.
VERBOSE: Exporting function 'SQLSERVER:'.
VERBOSE: Exporting alias 'Encode-SqlName'.
VERBOSE: Exporting alias 'Decode-SqlName'.
VERBOSE: Importing function 'SQLSERVER:'.
VERBOSE: Importing alias 'Decode-SqlName'.
VERBOSE: Importing alias 'Encode-SqlName'.
PS C:\Temp> Get-Command -Name Backup-SqlDatabase
Get-Command : The term 'Backup-SqlDatabase' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or
operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try
again.
At line:1 char:1
+ Get-Command -Name Backup-SqlDatabase
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (Backup-SqlDatabase:String) [Get-Command], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetCommandCommand

更新 2:卸载 SqlServer 模块，目录被删除.之后重新安装它.安装日志:

UPDATE 2: Uninstalled SqlServer module, directory were removed. After that reinstalled it. Installation log:

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Install-Module -Name SqlServer -Repository PSGallery -Verbose
VERBOSE: Repository details, Name = 'PSGallery', Location = 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/'; IsTrusted
 = 'False'; IsRegistered = 'True'.
VERBOSE: Using the provider 'PowerShellGet' for searching packages.
VERBOSE: Using the specified source names : 'PSGallery'.
VERBOSE: Getting the provider object for the PackageManagement Provider 'NuGet'.
VERBOSE: The specified Location is 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/' and PackageManagementProvider is
'NuGet'.
VERBOSE: Searching repository 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/FindPackagesById()?id='SqlServer'' for ''.
VERBOSE: Total package yield:'1' for the specified package 'SqlServer'.
VERBOSE: Performing the operation "Install-Module" on target "Version '21.0.17224' of module 'SqlServer'".

Untrusted repository
You are installing the modules from an untrusted repository. If you trust this repository, change its
InstallationPolicy value by running the Set-PSRepository cmdlet. Are you sure you want to install the modules from
 'PSGallery'?
[Y] Yes  [A] Yes to All  [N] No  [L] No to All  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "N"): y
VERBOSE: The installation scope is specified to be 'AllUsers'.
VERBOSE: The specified module will be installed in 'C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules'.
VERBOSE: The specified Location is 'NuGet' and PackageManagementProvider is 'NuGet'.
VERBOSE: Downloading module 'SqlServer' with version '21.0.17224' from the repository
'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/'.
VERBOSE: Searching repository 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/FindPackagesById()?id='SqlServer'' for ''.
VERBOSE: InstallPackage' - name='SqlServer',
version='21.0.17224',destination='C:\Users\Oleg\AppData\Local\Temp\1981035148'
VERBOSE: DownloadPackage' - name='SqlServer',
version='21.0.17224',destination='C:\Users\Oleg\AppData\Local\Temp\1981035148\SqlServer\SqlServer.nupkg',
uri='https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/package/SqlServer/21.0.17224'
VERBOSE: Downloading 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/package/SqlServer/21.0.17224'.
VERBOSE: Completed downloading 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/package/SqlServer/21.0.17224'.
VERBOSE: Completed downloading 'SqlServer'.
VERBOSE: Hash for package 'SqlServer' does not match hash provided from the server.
VERBOSE: InstallPackageLocal' - name='SqlServer',
version='21.0.17224',destination='C:\Users\Oleg\AppData\Local\Temp\1981035148'
VERBOSE: Catalog file 'SqlServer.cat' is not found in the contents of the module 'SqlServer' being installed.
VERBOSE: Valid authenticode signature found in the file 'SqlServer.psd1' for the module 'SqlServer'.
VERBOSE: Module 'SqlServer' was installed successfully to path 'C:\Program
Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\SqlServer\21.0.17224'.

即使在那之后 Import-Module SqlServer -ErrorAction Stop -Verbose 没有改变并且 Backup-SqlDatabase 仍然不可用.可能是什么原因?

Even after that Import-Module SqlServer -ErrorAction Stop -Verbose hasn't changed and Backup-SqlDatabase is still is not available. What could be the reason?

推荐答案

该功能由 sqlps(旧的 & busted)和 sqlserver(当前)模块提供.sqlps 和旧版本的 sqlserver 由 SQL Server Management Studio 安装提供，但 sqlserver 现在位于 PowerShell 库中.假设您拥有当前版本的 PowerShell/Windows 管理框架，您可以install-module sqlserver(在管理员 PowerShell 会话中运行)并获取全局安装的最新版本.

That function is provided by the sqlps (old & busted) and sqlserver (current) modules. sqlps and older versions of sqlserver were provided by the SQL Server Management Studio installation, but sqlserver is now in the PowerShell Gallery. Assuming you have a current version of PowerShell/Windows Management Framework, you can install-module sqlserver (run in an Administrator PowerShell session) and get the latest version installed globally.

至于你的脚本发生了什么:

As to what happened to your script:

可能性 #1:您使用的是非常旧版本的 PowerShell，它不会自动加载模块，并且您没有明确导入 sqlserver 或 sqlps模块到您调用此函数的会话/脚本中.解决方案:升级到当前版本的 PowerShell，它支持自动加载模块和/或使用 import-module 将正确的模块显式导入到您的脚本/会话中.

Possibility #1: You're using a very old version of PowerShell which doesn't auto-load modules and you're not explicitly importing the sqlserver or sqlps module into the session/script where you're calling this function. Solution: upgrade to a current release of PowerShell which does support auto-loading modules and/or explicitly import the proper module into your script/session with import-module.

可能性 2:有人卸载或移动了您从中获取该功能的模块，或者它不在您的模块搜索路径中.解决方案:检查$PSModulePath，然后在每个位置查找模块.最简单的方法是在全局范围内重新安装它.

Possibility #2: Someone uninstalled or moved the module that you're getting that function from, or it's not in your module search path. Solution: Check $PSModulePath and then look in each location for the module. Easiest would be to reinstall it in a global scope.

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