使用 pyodbc 和 SQL Server 的 SQL IN 运算符 [英] SQL IN operator using pyodbc and SQL Server

问题描述

我正在使用 pyodbc 查询 SQL Server 数据库

I'm using pyodbc to query to an SQL Server database

import datetime
import pyodbc    
conn = pyodbc.connect("Driver={SQL Server};Server='dbserver',Database='db',
                       TrustedConnection=Yes")
cursor = conn.cursor()
ratings = ("PG-13", "PG", "G")
st_dt = datetime(2010, 1, 1)
end_dt = datetime(2010, 12, 31)
cursor.execute("""Select title, director, producer From movies 
                Where rating In ? And release_dt Between ? And ?""", 
                ratings, str(st_dt), str(end_dt))

但我收到以下错误.元组参数是否需要以不同的方式处理?有没有更好的方法来构造这个查询?

but am receiving the error below. Does the tuple parameter need to be handled in a different way? Is there a better way to structure this query?

('42000', "[42000] [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]Line 9: 
  Incorrect syntax near '@P1'. (170) (SQLExecDirectW); 
  [42000] [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]
  Statement(s) could not be prepared. (8180)")

更新:

我能够使用字符串格式化操作符让这个查询工作，这并不理想，因为它引入了安全问题.

I was able to get this query to work using the string formatting operator, which isn't ideal as it introduces security concerns.

import datetime
import pyodbc    
conn = pyodbc.connect("Driver={SQL Server};Server='dbserver',Database='db',
                       TrustedConnection=Yes")
cursor = conn.cursor()
ratings = ("PG-13", "PG", "G")
st_dt = datetime(2010, 1, 1)
end_dt = datetime(2010, 12, 31)
cursor.execute("""Select title, director, producer From movies 
                Where rating In %s And release_dt Between '%s' And '%s'""" % 
                (ratings, st_dt, end_dt))

推荐答案

不能使用单个字符串参数在 IN () 子句中参数化多个值.实现这一目标的唯一方法是:

You cannot parameterize multiple values in an IN () clause using a single string parameter. The only way to accomplish that is:

1. 字符串替换(正如您所做的那样).

1. String substitution (as you did).

以 IN (?, ?, . . ., ?) 形式构建参数化查询，然后为每个占位符传入一个 单独 参数.我不是 Python 到 ODBC 的专家，但我想这在像 Python 这样的语言中特别容易做到.这样更安全，因为您可以获得参数化的全部价值.

Build a parameterized query in the form IN (?, ?, . . ., ?) and then pass in a separate parameter for each place holder. I'm not an expert at Python to ODBC but I imagine that this is particularly easy to do in a language like Python. This is safer because you get the full value of parameterization.

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