如何将所有 python 代码打包成一个 zip 文件? [英] How can you bundle all your python code into a single zip file?

问题描述

在分发应用程序时将所有的鸡蛋组合到一个 zip 文件中会很方便，这样您只需分发一个 zip 文件和一个可执行文件(一些自定义二进制文件，只需启动, 加载 zip 文件的主要功能并启动 python 或类似功能).

It would be convenient when distributing applications to combine all of the eggs into a single zip file so that all you need to distribute is a single zip file and an executable (some custom binary that simply starts, loads the zip file's main function and kicks python off or similar).

我在网上看到了一些关于这样做的讨论，但没有实际操作的例子.

I've seen some talk of doing this online, but no examples of how to actually do it.

我知道您可以(如果它是 zip 安全的)将鸡蛋转换为 zip 文件.

I'm aware that you can (if it is zip safe) convert eggs into zip files.

我不确定的是:

您能以某种方式将所有鸡蛋合并到一个 zip 文件中吗?如果是这样，如何?

Can you somehow combine all your eggs into a single zip file? If so, how?

您将如何从特定鸡蛋加载和运行代码?

How would you load and run code from a specific egg?

您如何确保该鸡蛋中的代码可以访问所有依赖项(即 zip 文件中的其他鸡蛋)?

How would you ensure that the code in that egg could access all the dependencies (ie. other eggs in the zip file)?

人们经常问这类问题并得到类似的答案；使用 py2exe.是的，我明白了，这是一种解决方案.这不是我在这里问的问题...

People ask this sort of stuff a lot and get answers like; use py2exe. Yes, I get it, that's one solution. It's not the question I'm asking here though...

推荐答案

您可以使用常规 Python 工具自动化大部分工作.让我们从干净的 virtualenv 开始.

You can automate most of the work with regular python tools. Let's start with clean virtualenv.

[zart@feena ~]$ mkdir ziplib-demo
[zart@feena ~]$ cd ziplib-demo
[zart@feena ziplib-demo]$ virtualenv .
New python executable in ./bin/python
Installing setuptools.............done.
Installing pip...............done.

现在让我们安装一组将进入压缩库的软件包.诀窍是强制将它们安装到特定目录中.

Now let's install set of packages that will go into zipped library. The trick is to force installing them into specific directory.

(注意:不要在命令行或 pip.conf/pip.ini 中使用 --egg 选项，因为它会破坏文件布局，使其无法在 zip 中导入)

(Note: don't use --egg option either on command-line or in pip.conf/pip.ini because it will break file layout making it non-importable in zip)

[zart@feena ziplib-demo]$ bin/pip install --install-option --install-lib=$PWD/unpacked waitress
Downloading/unpacking waitress
  Downloading waitress-0.8.5.tar.gz (112kB): 112kB downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package waitress

Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): setuptools in ./lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg (from waitress)
Installing collected packages: waitress
  Running setup.py install for waitress

    Installing waitress-serve script to /home/zart/ziplib-demo/bin
Successfully installed waitress
Cleaning up...

更新:pip 现在有 -t 开关，与 --install-option --install-lib= 做同样的事情.

Update: pip now has -t <path> switch, that does the same thing as --install-option --install-lib=.

现在让我们将它们全部打包成一个 zip

Now let's pack all of them into one zip

[zart@feena ziplib-demo]$ cd unpacked
[zart@feena unpacked]$ ls
waitress  waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info
[zart@feena unpacked]$ zip -r9 ../library.zip *
  adding: waitress/ (stored 0%)
  adding: waitress/receiver.py (deflated 71%)
  adding: waitress/server.pyc (deflated 64%)
  adding: waitress/utilities.py (deflated 62%)
  adding: waitress/trigger.pyc (deflated 63%)
  adding: waitress/trigger.py (deflated 61%)
  adding: waitress/receiver.pyc (deflated 60%)
  adding: waitress/adjustments.pyc (deflated 51%)
  adding: waitress/compat.pyc (deflated 56%)
  adding: waitress/adjustments.py (deflated 60%)
  adding: waitress/server.py (deflated 68%)
  adding: waitress/channel.py (deflated 72%)
  adding: waitress/task.pyc (deflated 57%)
  adding: waitress/tests/ (stored 0%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_regression.py (deflated 63%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_functional.py (deflated 88%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_parser.pyc (deflated 76%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_trigger.pyc (deflated 73%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_init.py (deflated 72%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_utilities.pyc (deflated 78%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_buffers.pyc (deflated 79%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_trigger.py (deflated 82%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_buffers.py (deflated 86%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_runner.py (deflated 75%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_init.pyc (deflated 69%)
  adding: waitress/tests/__init__.pyc (deflated 21%)
  adding: waitress/tests/support.pyc (deflated 48%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_utilities.py (deflated 73%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_channel.py (deflated 87%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_task.py (deflated 87%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_functional.pyc (deflated 82%)
  adding: waitress/tests/__init__.py (deflated 5%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_compat.pyc (deflated 53%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_receiver.pyc (deflated 79%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_adjustments.py (deflated 78%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_adjustments.pyc (deflated 74%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_server.pyc (deflated 73%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/ (stored 0%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/filewrapper.pyc (deflated 59%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/getline.py (deflated 37%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/nocl.py (deflated 47%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/sleepy.pyc (deflated 44%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/echo.py (deflated 40%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/error.py (deflated 52%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/nocl.pyc (deflated 48%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/getline.pyc (deflated 32%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/writecb.pyc (deflated 42%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/toolarge.py (deflated 37%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/__init__.pyc (deflated 20%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/writecb.py (deflated 50%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/badcl.pyc (deflated 44%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/runner.pyc (deflated 58%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/__init__.py (stored 0%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/filewrapper.py (deflated 74%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/runner.py (deflated 41%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/echo.pyc (deflated 42%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/groundhog1.jpg (deflated 24%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/error.pyc (deflated 48%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/sleepy.py (deflated 42%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/toolarge.pyc (deflated 43%)
  adding: waitress/tests/fixtureapps/badcl.py (deflated 45%)
  adding: waitress/tests/support.py (deflated 52%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_task.pyc (deflated 78%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_channel.pyc (deflated 78%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_regression.pyc (deflated 68%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_parser.py (deflated 80%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_server.py (deflated 78%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_receiver.py (deflated 87%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_compat.py (deflated 51%)
  adding: waitress/tests/test_runner.pyc (deflated 72%)
  adding: waitress/__init__.pyc (deflated 50%)
  adding: waitress/channel.pyc (deflated 58%)
  adding: waitress/runner.pyc (deflated 54%)
  adding: waitress/buffers.py (deflated 74%)
  adding: waitress/__init__.py (deflated 61%)
  adding: waitress/runner.py (deflated 58%)
  adding: waitress/parser.py (deflated 69%)
  adding: waitress/compat.py (deflated 69%)
  adding: waitress/buffers.pyc (deflated 69%)
  adding: waitress/utilities.pyc (deflated 60%)
  adding: waitress/parser.pyc (deflated 53%)
  adding: waitress/task.py (deflated 72%)
  adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/ (stored 0%)
  adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/dependency_links.txt (stored 0%)
  adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/installed-files.txt (deflated 83%)
  adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/top_level.txt (stored 0%)
  adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/PKG-INFO (deflated 65%)
  adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/not-zip-safe (stored 0%)
  adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/SOURCES.txt (deflated 71%)
  adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/entry_points.txt (deflated 33%)
  adding: waitress-0.8.5-py2.7.egg-info/requires.txt (deflated 5%)
[zart@feena unpacked]$ cd ..

注意，这些文件应该在 zip 的顶部，你不能只是 zip -r9 library.zip unpacked

Note that those files should be at top of zip, you can't just zip -r9 library.zip unpacked

检查结果:

[zart@feena ziplib-demo]$ PYTHONPATH=library.zip python
Python 2.7.1 (r271:86832, Apr 12 2011, 16:15:16)
[GCC 4.6.0 20110331 (Red Hat 4.6.0-2)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import waitress
>>> waitress
<module 'waitress' from '/home/zart/ziplib-demo/library.zip/waitress/__init__.pyc'>
>>>
>>> from wsgiref.simple_server import demo_app
>>> waitress.serve(demo_app)
serving on http://0.0.0.0:8080
^C>>>

更新: 从 python 3.5 开始，还有 zipapp 模块 可以帮助将整个包捆绑到 .pyz 文件中.对于更复杂的需求pyinstaller、py2exe 或 py2app 可能更符合要求.

Update: since python 3.5 there is also zipapp module which can help with bundling the whole package into .pyz file. For more complex needs pyinstaller, py2exe or py2app might better fit the bill.

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