如何使用pyqtgraph TimeAxisItem动态刷新X轴时间 [英] How to make the X-axis time dynamically refresh by using pyqtgraph TimeAxisItem

问题描述

我将根据一系列数据制作实时曲线.首先，我建立了一个数量字典，里面有3组数据.当前程序可以动态绘制曲线.X轴还可以显示时间，时间也是实时更新的.但是，X 轴上不同点的时间总是相同的值.

I'm going to make a real-time curve out of a sequence of data. First, I established a quantity dictionary, which has 3 groups of data. The current program can draw a curve dynamically. The X-axis can also show the time, which is also updated in real time. However, the time at different points in the X-axis is always the same value.

UNIX_EPOCH_naive = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0) #offset-naive datetime
UNIX_EPOCH_offset_aware = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo = pytz.utc) #offset-aware datetime
UNIX_EPOCH = UNIX_EPOCH_naive

TS_MULT_us = 1e6

def now_timestamp(ts_mult=TS_MULT_us, epoch=UNIX_EPOCH):
    return(int((datetime.datetime.utcnow() - epoch).total_seconds()*ts_mult))

def int2dt(ts, ts_mult=TS_MULT_us):
    tz = pytz.timezone('Asia/Shanghai')
    user_ts = int(time.time())
    d1 = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(float(user_ts))
    d1x = tz.localize(d1)
    return(d1x)

def dt2int(dt, ts_mult=TS_MULT_us, epoch=UNIX_EPOCH):
    delta = dt - epoch
    return(int(delta.total_seconds()*ts_mult))

def td2int(td, ts_mult=TS_MULT_us):
    return(int(td.total_seconds()*ts_mult))

def int2td(ts, ts_mult=TS_MULT_us):
    return(datetime.timedelta(seconds=float(ts)/ts_mult))

class TimeAxisItem(pg.AxisItem):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(TimeAxisItem, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
    def tickStrings(self, values, scale, spacing):
        return [int2dt(value).strftime("%H:%M:%S") for value in values]

p = win.addPlot(title="Data-Time Graph", axisItems={'bottom': TimeAxisItem(orientation='bottom')})
data_dict = {}
p.addLegend() 
data_x=[]


def getDate():
    ......
    .....
    curve = p.plot(pen = color[len(data_dict)],name=name)
    data_dict[name] = [curve] # dictionary: {key:[curve,[dadta1,data2,...]]}
    data_dict[name].append([val])

def addToDisplay():
    p.plot()
    for i in data_dict.items():
        data = i[1][1] #
        curve = i[1][0] #
        if(len(data) > data_frequency):#
             data_y=data[- data_frequency:]
        else:
             data_y = data[:]
        curve.setData(data_y)#

if __name__ == "__main__":
    th= threading.Thread(target=getDate)# 
    th.start()
    timer = pg.QtCore.QTimer()
    timer.timeout.connect(addToDisplay) 
    timer.start(10)

我希望X轴是动态刷新的，最近时间在右边，过去时间在左边.

What I hope is that the X-axis is dynamically refreshed, with the latest time on the right side and the past time is on the left side.

推荐答案

我不完全确定您要实现的目标，因为您的代码无法运行，但您似乎正在尝试创建时间戳图.这是一个使用 TimeAxisItem 跟踪 X 轴上经过的时间的小部件.

I'm not entirely sure what you're trying to achieve since your code doesn't run but it seems you're trying to create a timestamp plot. Here's a widget that uses TimeAxisItem to keep track of elapsed time on the X-axis.

PyQt5

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from threading import Thread
from collections import deque
import pyqtgraph as pg
import numpy as np
import random
import sys
import time

"""Scrolling Timestamp Plot Widget Example"""

class TimeAxisItem(pg.AxisItem):
    """Internal timestamp for x-axis"""
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(TimeAxisItem, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def tickStrings(self, values, scale, spacing):
        """Function overloading the weak default version to provide timestamp"""

        return [QtCore.QTime().currentTime().addMSecs(value).toString('mm:ss') for value in values]

class ScrollingTimestampPlot(QtGui.QWidget):
    """Scrolling plot widget with timestamp on x-axis and dynamic y-axis"""

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(ScrollingTimestampPlot, self).__init__(parent)

        # Internal timestamp for x-axis
        self.timestamp = QtCore.QTime()
        self.timestamp.start()

        # Desired Frequency (Hz) = 1 / self.FREQUENCY
        # USE FOR TIME.SLEEP (s)
        self.FREQUENCY = 0.025

        # Screen refresh rate to update plot (ms)
        # self.SCROLLING_TIMESTAMP_PLOT_REFRESH_RATE = 1 / Desired Frequency (Hz) * 1000
        # USE FOR TIMER.TIMER (ms)
        self.SCROLLING_TIMESTAMP_PLOT_REFRESH_RATE = self.FREQUENCY * 1000

        self.DATA_POINTS_TO_DISPLAY = 200

        # Automatically pops from left if length is full
        self.data = deque(maxlen=self.DATA_POINTS_TO_DISPLAY)

        # Create Plot Widget 
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget = pg.PlotWidget(axisItems={'bottom': TimeAxisItem(orientation='bottom')})

        # Enable/disable plot squeeze (Fixed axis movement)
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.plotItem.setMouseEnabled(x=False, y=False)
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.setTitle('Scrolling Timestamp Plot Example')
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.setLabel('left', 'Value')
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.setLabel('bottom', 'Time (s)')

        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot = self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.plot()
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot.setPen(246,212,255)

        self.layout = QtGui.QGridLayout()
        self.layout.addWidget(self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget)

        self.read_position_thread()
        self.start()

    def start(self):
        """Update plot"""

        self.position_update_timer = QtCore.QTimer()
        self.position_update_timer.timeout.connect(self.plot_updater)
        self.position_update_timer.start(self.get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_refresh_rate())

    def read_position_thread(self):
        """Read in data using a thread"""

        self.current_position_value = 0
        self.position_update_thread = Thread(target=self.read_position, args=())
        self.position_update_thread.daemon = True
        self.position_update_thread.start()

    def read_position(self):
        frequency = self.get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_frequency()
        while True:
            self.current_position_value = random.randint(1,101) 
            time.sleep(frequency)

    def plot_updater(self):
        self.data_point = float(self.current_position_value)

        self.data.append({'x': self.timestamp.elapsed(), 'y': self.data_point})
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot.setData(x=[item['x'] for item in self.data], y=[item['y'] for item in self.data])

    def clear_scrolling_timestamp_plot(self):
        self.data.clear()

    def get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_frequency(self):
        return self.FREQUENCY

    def get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_refresh_rate(self):
        return self.SCROLLING_TIMESTAMP_PLOT_REFRESH_RATE

    def get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_layout(self):
        return self.layout

    def get_current_position_value(self):
        return self.current_position_value

    def get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget(self):
        return self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget

# Start Qt event loop unless running in interactive mode or using pyside
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Create main application window
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication([])
    app.setStyle(QtGui.QStyleFactory.create("Cleanlooks"))
    mw = QtGui.QMainWindow()
    mw.setWindowTitle('Scrolling Plot Example')

    # Create scrolling plot
    scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget = ScrollingTimestampPlot()

    # Create and set widget layout
    # Main widget container
    cw = QtGui.QWidget()
    ml = QtGui.QGridLayout()
    cw.setLayout(ml)
    mw.setCentralWidget(cw)

    # Can use either to add plot to main layout
    #ml.addWidget(scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget(),0,0)
    ml.addLayout(scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_layout(),0,0)
    mw.show()

    if (sys.flags.interactive != 1) or not hasattr(QtCore, 'PYQT_VERSION'):
        QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_()

PyQt4

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
from threading import Thread
from collections import deque
import pyqtgraph as pg
import numpy as np
import random
import sys
import time

"""Scrolling Timestamp Plot Widget Example"""

class TimeAxisItem(pg.AxisItem):
    """Internal timestamp for x-axis"""
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(TimeAxisItem, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def tickStrings(self, values, scale, spacing):
        """Function overloading the weak default version to provide timestamp"""

        return [QtCore.QTime().addMSecs(value).toString('mm:ss') for value in values]

class ScrollingTimestampPlot(QtGui.QWidget):
    """Scrolling plot widget with timestamp on x-axis and dynamic y-axis"""

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(ScrollingTimestampPlot, self).__init__(parent)

        # Internal timestamp for x-axis
        self.timestamp = QtCore.QTime()
        self.timestamp.start()

        # Desired Frequency (Hz) = 1 / self.FREQUENCY
        # USE FOR TIME.SLEEP (s)
        self.FREQUENCY = 0.025

        # Screen refresh rate to update plot (ms)
        # self.SCROLLING_TIMESTAMP_PLOT_REFRESH_RATE = 1 / Desired Frequency (Hz) * 1000
        # USE FOR TIMER.TIMER (ms)
        self.SCROLLING_TIMESTAMP_PLOT_REFRESH_RATE = self.FREQUENCY * 1000

        self.DATA_POINTS_TO_DISPLAY = 200

        # Automatically pops from left if length is full
        self.data = deque(maxlen=self.DATA_POINTS_TO_DISPLAY)

        # Create Plot Widget 
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget = pg.PlotWidget(axisItems={'bottom': TimeAxisItem(orientation='bottom')})

        # Enable/disable plot squeeze (Fixed axis movement)
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.plotItem.setMouseEnabled(x=False, y=False)
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.setTitle('Scrolling Timestamp Plot Example')
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.setLabel('left', 'Value')
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.setLabel('bottom', 'Time (s)')

        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot = self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.plot()
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot.setPen(246,212,255)

        self.layout = QtGui.QGridLayout()
        self.layout.addWidget(self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget)

        self.read_position_thread()
        self.start()

    def start(self):
        """Update plot"""

        self.position_update_timer = QtCore.QTimer()
        self.position_update_timer.timeout.connect(self.plot_updater)
        self.position_update_timer.start(self.get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_refresh_rate())

    def read_position_thread(self):
        """Read in data using a thread"""

        self.current_position_value = 0
        self.position_update_thread = Thread(target=self.read_position, args=())
        self.position_update_thread.daemon = True
        self.position_update_thread.start()

    def read_position(self):
        frequency = self.get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_frequency()
        while True:
            self.current_position_value = random.randint(1,101) 
            time.sleep(frequency)

    def plot_updater(self):
        self.data_point = float(self.current_position_value)

        self.data.append({'x': self.timestamp.elapsed(), 'y': self.data_point})
        self.scrolling_timestamp_plot.setData(x=[item['x'] for item in self.data], y=[item['y'] for item in self.data])

    def clear_scrolling_timestamp_plot(self):
        self.data.clear()

    def get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_frequency(self):
        return self.FREQUENCY

    def get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_refresh_rate(self):
        return self.SCROLLING_TIMESTAMP_PLOT_REFRESH_RATE

    def get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_layout(self):
        return self.layout

    def get_current_position_value(self):
        return self.current_position_value

    def get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget(self):
        return self.scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget

# Start Qt event loop unless running in interactive mode or using pyside
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Create main application window
    app = QtGui.QApplication([])
    app.setStyle(QtGui.QStyleFactory.create("Cleanlooks"))
    mw = QtGui.QMainWindow()
    mw.setWindowTitle('Scrolling Plot Example')

    # Create scrolling plot
    scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget = ScrollingTimestampPlot()

    # Create and set widget layout
    # Main widget container
    cw = QtGui.QWidget()
    ml = QtGui.QGridLayout()
    cw.setLayout(ml)
    mw.setCentralWidget(cw)

    # Can use either to add plot to main layout
    #ml.addWidget(scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget(),0,0)
    ml.addLayout(scrolling_timestamp_plot_widget.get_scrolling_timestamp_plot_layout(),0,0)
    mw.show()

    if (sys.flags.interactive != 1) or not hasattr(QtCore, 'PYQT_VERSION'):
        QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_()

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