如何突出显示 tkinter 文本小部件中的文本 [英] How to highlight text in a tkinter Text widget

问题描述

我想知道如何根据某些模式改变某些单词和表达的风格.

I want to know how to change the style of certain words and expressions based on certain patterns.

我正在使用 Tkinter.Text 小部件，但我不确定如何做这样的事情(在文本编辑器中突出显示语法的想法相同).即使这是用于此目的的正确小部件，我也不确定.

I am using the Tkinter.Text widget and I am not sure how to do such a thing (the same idea of syntax highlighting in text editors). I am not sure even if this is the right widget to use for this purpose.

推荐答案

这是用于这些目的的正确小部件.基本概念是，您将属性分配给标签，并将标签应用于小部件中的文本范围.您可以使用文本小部件的 search 命令来查找与您的模式匹配的字符串，这将返回足够的信息并将标签应用于匹配的范围.

It's the right widget to use for these purposes. The basic concept is, you assign properties to tags, and you apply tags to ranges of text in the widget. You can use the text widget's search command to find strings that match your pattern, which will return you enough information apply a tag to the range that matched.

有关如何将标签应用于文本的示例，请参阅我对高级 Tkinter 文本框的回答?.这并不完全是您想要做的，但它显示了基本概念.

For an example of how to apply tags to text, see my answer to the question Advanced Tkinter text box?. It's not exactly what you want to do but it shows the basic concept.

下面是一个示例，说明如何扩展 Text 类以包含用于突出显示与模式匹配的文本的方法.

Following is an example of how you can extend the Text class to include a method for highlighting text that matches a pattern.

在这段代码中，模式必须是字符串，不能是编译后的正则表达式.此外，该模式必须遵守 Tcl 的正则表达式语法规则.

In this code the pattern must be a string, it cannot be a compiled regular expression. Also, the pattern must adhere to Tcl's syntax rules for regular expressions.

class CustomText(tk.Text):
    '''A text widget with a new method, highlight_pattern()

    example:

    text = CustomText()
    text.tag_configure("red", foreground="#ff0000")
    text.highlight_pattern("this should be red", "red")

    The highlight_pattern method is a simplified python
    version of the tcl code at http://wiki.tcl.tk/3246
    '''
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Text.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def highlight_pattern(self, pattern, tag, start="1.0", end="end",
                          regexp=False):
        '''Apply the given tag to all text that matches the given pattern

        If 'regexp' is set to True, pattern will be treated as a regular
        expression according to Tcl's regular expression syntax.
        '''

        start = self.index(start)
        end = self.index(end)
        self.mark_set("matchStart", start)
        self.mark_set("matchEnd", start)
        self.mark_set("searchLimit", end)

        count = tk.IntVar()
        while True:
            index = self.search(pattern, "matchEnd","searchLimit",
                                count=count, regexp=regexp)
            if index == "": break
            if count.get() == 0: break # degenerate pattern which matches zero-length strings
            self.mark_set("matchStart", index)
            self.mark_set("matchEnd", "%s+%sc" % (index, count.get()))
            self.tag_add(tag, "matchStart", "matchEnd")

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