在python中读取外部sql脚本 [英] reading external sql script in python

问题描述

我正在学习如何在 python 中执行 SQL(我知道 SQL，而不是 Python).

I am working on a learning how to execute SQL in python (I know SQL, not Python).

我有一个外部 sql 文件.它创建并插入数据到三个表'Zookeeper'、'Handles'、'Animal'.

I have an external sql file. It creates and inserts data into three tables 'Zookeeper', 'Handles', 'Animal'.

然后我有一系列的查询来运行表.以下查询位于我在 python 脚本顶部加载的 zookeeper.sql 文件中.前两个的例子是:

Then I have a series of queries to run off the tables. The below queries are in the zookeeper.sql file that I load in at the top of the python script. Example for the first two are:

--1.1

SELECT ANAME,zookeepid
FROM ANIMAL, HANDLES
WHERE AID=ANIMALID;

--1.2

SELECT ZNAME, SUM(TIMETOFEED)
FROM ZOOKEEPER, ANIMAL, HANDLES
WHERE AID=ANIMALID AND ZOOKEEPID=ZID
GROUP BY zookeeper.zname;

这些都可以在 SQL 中正常执行.现在我需要从 Python 中执行它们.我已经获得并完成了读取文件的代码.然后执行循环中的所有查询.

These all execute fine in SQL. Now I need to execute them from within Python. I have been given and completed code to read in the file. Then execute all the queries in the loop.

1.1 和 1.2 是我感到困惑的地方.我相信在循环中，这是我应该放入一些东西来运行第一个和第二个查询的行.

The 1.1 and 1.2 is where I am getting confused. I believe in the loop this is the line where I should put in something to run the first and then second query.

result = c.execute("SELECT * FROM %s;" % table);

result = c.execute("SELECT * FROM %s;" % table);

但是什么?我想我错过了一些非常明显的东西.我认为让我失望的是 % 表.在查询 1.1 和 1.2 中，我不是在创建表，而是在查找查询结果.

but what? I think I am missing something very obvious. I think what is throwing me off is % table. In query 1.1 and 1.2, I am not creating a table, but rather looking for a query result.

我的整个 python 代码如下.

My entire python code is below.

import sqlite3
from sqlite3 import OperationalError

conn = sqlite3.connect('csc455_HW3.db')
c = conn.cursor()

# Open and read the file as a single buffer
fd = open('ZooDatabase.sql', 'r')
sqlFile = fd.read()
fd.close()

# all SQL commands (split on ';')
sqlCommands = sqlFile.split(';')

# Execute every command from the input file
for command in sqlCommands:
    # This will skip and report errors
    # For example, if the tables do not yet exist, this will skip over
    # the DROP TABLE commands
    try:
        c.execute(command)
    except OperationalError, msg:
        print "Command skipped: ", msg


# For each of the 3 tables, query the database and print the contents
for table in ['ZooKeeper', 'Animal', 'Handles']:


    **# Plug in the name of the table into SELECT * query
    result = c.execute("SELECT * FROM %s;" % table);**

    # Get all rows.
    rows = result.fetchall();

    # \n represents an end-of-line
    print "\n--- TABLE ", table, "\n"

    # This will print the name of the columns, padding each name up
    # to 22 characters. Note that comma at the end prevents new lines
    for desc in result.description:
        print desc[0].rjust(22, ' '),

    # End the line with column names
    print ""
    for row in rows:
        for value in row:
            # Print each value, padding it up with ' ' to 22 characters on the right
            print str(value).rjust(22, ' '),
        # End the values from the row
        print ""

c.close()
conn.close()

推荐答案

你的代码已经包含了一种从指定的 sql 文件中执行所有语句的漂亮方法

Your code already contains a beautiful way to execute all statements from a specified sql file

# Open and read the file as a single buffer
fd = open('ZooDatabase.sql', 'r')
sqlFile = fd.read()
fd.close()

# all SQL commands (split on ';')
sqlCommands = sqlFile.split(';')

# Execute every command from the input file
for command in sqlCommands:
    # This will skip and report errors
    # For example, if the tables do not yet exist, this will skip over
    # the DROP TABLE commands
    try:
        c.execute(command)
    except OperationalError, msg:
        print "Command skipped: ", msg

将其包装在一个函数中，您可以重用它.

Wrap this in a function and you can reuse it.

def executeScriptsFromFile(filename):
    # Open and read the file as a single buffer
    fd = open(filename, 'r')
    sqlFile = fd.read()
    fd.close()

    # all SQL commands (split on ';')
    sqlCommands = sqlFile.split(';')

    # Execute every command from the input file
    for command in sqlCommands:
        # This will skip and report errors
        # For example, if the tables do not yet exist, this will skip over
        # the DROP TABLE commands
        try:
            c.execute(command)
        except OperationalError, msg:
            print "Command skipped: ", msg

使用它

executeScriptsFromFile('zookeeper.sql')

你说你被迷惑了

result = c.execute("SELECT * FROM %s;" % table);

在 Python 中，您可以使用称为字符串格式的东西向字符串添加内容.

In Python, you can add stuff to a string by using something called string formatting.

您有一个字符串 "Some string with %s" 和 %s，这是其他内容的占位符.要替换占位符，请在字符串后添加 %(要替换的内容")

You have a string "Some string with %s" with %s, that's a placeholder for something else. To replace the placeholder, you add % ("what you want to replace it with") after your string

例如:

a = "Hi, my name is %s and I have a %s hat" % ("Azeirah", "cool")
print(a)
>>> Hi, my name is Azeirah and I have a Cool hat

有点幼稚的例子，但应该很清楚.

Bit of a childish example, but it should be clear.

现在，什么

result = c.execute("SELECT * FROM %s;" % table);

意思是，它是否将 %s 替换为表变量的值.

means, is it replaces %s with the value of the table variable.

(创建于)

for table in ['ZooKeeper', 'Animal', 'Handles']:


# for loop example

for fruit in ["apple", "pear", "orange"]:
    print fruit
>>> apple
>>> pear
>>> orange

如果您还有其他问题，请戳我.

If you have any additional questions, poke me.

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