Python - 作业 - 将任意基数转换为任意基数 [英] Python - Homework - Converting Any Base to Any Base
问题描述
我正在尝试制作一个程序，将任何基数中的数字转换为用户选择的另一个基数.到目前为止，我的代码是这样的:
I'm trying to make a program to convert a number in any base to another base of the user's choice. The code I have so far goes like this:
innitvar = float(raw_input("Please enter a number: "))
basevar = int(raw_input("Please enter the base that your number is in: "))
convertvar = int(raw_input("Please enter the base that you would like to convert to: "))
这些是我从用户那里得到的数据.初始数字、其初始基数以及用户想要转换为的基数.据我了解，我需要转换为基数 10，然后转换为用户指定的所需基数.
These are the data that I get from the user. The initial number, its initial base, and the base the user wants to convert to. As I understand it, I need to convert to base 10, and then to the desired base, specified by the user.
这是我碰壁的地方:我需要将初始数字中最左边的数字乘以其初始基数，然后将下一个数字添加到右边，然后重复直到我碰到最右边的数字.我了解如何在纸上执行此操作，但我不知道如何将其放入 Python 代码中.我不确定如何将第一个数字相乘，然后将下一个数字相加，我也不知道如何让程序知道何时停止执行此操作.
This is where I'm hitting a brick wall: I need to multiply the leftmost digit in the initial number by its initial base, and then add the next digit to the right, and then repeat until I hit the rightmost digit. I understand how to do this on paper, but I have no idea how to put it into Python code. I'm not sure how I would multiply the first number, and then add the next, nor do I understand how to let the program know when to stop performing this operation.
我不是要求为我编写程序，但我希望有人指出正确的方向.
I'm not asking to have the program written for me, but I would like to be pointed in the right direction.
感谢您的时间！
推荐答案
这应该是您问题答案的前半部分.你能弄清楚如何转换为基数吗?
This should be the first half of the answer to your problem. Can you figure out how to convert to a base?
# Create a symbol-to-value table.
SY2VA = {'0': 0,
'1': 1,
'2': 2,
'3': 3,
'4': 4,
'5': 5,
'6': 6,
'7': 7,
'8': 8,
'9': 9,
'A': 10,
'B': 11,
'C': 12,
'D': 13,
'E': 14,
'F': 15,
'G': 16,
'H': 17,
'I': 18,
'J': 19,
'K': 20,
'L': 21,
'M': 22,
'N': 23,
'O': 24,
'P': 25,
'Q': 26,
'R': 27,
'S': 28,
'T': 29,
'U': 30,
'V': 31,
'W': 32,
'X': 33,
'Y': 34,
'Z': 35,
'a': 36,
'b': 37,
'c': 38,
'd': 39,
'e': 40,
'f': 41,
'g': 42,
'h': 43,
'i': 44,
'j': 45,
'k': 46,
'l': 47,
'm': 48,
'n': 49,
'o': 50,
'p': 51,
'q': 52,
'r': 53,
's': 54,
't': 55,
'u': 56,
'v': 57,
'w': 58,
'x': 59,
'y': 60,
'z': 61,
'!': 62,
'"': 63,
'#': 64,
'$': 65,
'%': 66,
'&': 67,
"'": 68,
'(': 69,
')': 70,
'*': 71,
'+': 72,
',': 73,
'-': 74,
'.': 75,
'/': 76,
':': 77,
';': 78,
'<': 79,
'=': 80,
'>': 81,
'?': 82,
'@': 83,
'[': 84,
'\\': 85,
']': 86,
'^': 87,
'_': 88,
'`': 89,
'{': 90,
'|': 91,
'}': 92,
'~': 93}
# Take a string and base to convert to.
# Allocate space to store your number.
# For each character in your string:
# Ensure character is in your table.
# Find the value of your character.
# Ensure value is within your base.
# Self-multiply your number with the base.
# Self-add your number with the digit's value.
# Return the number.
def str2int(string, base):
integer = 0
for character in string:
assert character in SY2VA, 'Found unknown character!'
value = SY2VA[character]
assert value < base, 'Found digit outside base!'
integer *= base
integer += value
return integer
这是解决方案的后半部分.通过使用这两个函数，转换基数非常容易.
Here is the second half of the solution. By using these two functions, converting bases is very easy to do.
# Create a value-to-symbol table.
VA2SY = dict(map(reversed, SY2VA.items()))
# Take a integer and base to convert to.
# Create an array to store the digits in.
# While the integer is not zero:
# Divide the integer by the base to:
# (1) Find the "last" digit in your number (value).
# (2) Store remaining number not "chopped" (integer).
# Save the digit in your storage array.
# Return your joined digits after putting them in the right order.
def int2str(integer, base):
array = []
while integer:
integer, value = divmod(integer, base)
array.append(VA2SY[value])
return ''.join(reversed(array))
将所有内容放在一起后，您应该会得到下面的程序.请花点时间弄清楚！
After putting it all together, you should end up with the program below. Please take time to figure it out!
innitvar = raw_input("Please enter a number: ")
basevar = int(raw_input("Please enter the base that your number is in: "))
convertvar = int(raw_input("Please enter the base that you would like to convert to: "))
# Create a symbol-to-value table.
SY2VA = {'0': 0,
'1': 1,
'2': 2,
'3': 3,
'4': 4,
'5': 5,
'6': 6,
'7': 7,
'8': 8,
'9': 9,
'A': 10,
'B': 11,
'C': 12,
'D': 13,
'E': 14,
'F': 15,
'G': 16,
'H': 17,
'I': 18,
'J': 19,
'K': 20,
'L': 21,
'M': 22,
'N': 23,
'O': 24,
'P': 25,
'Q': 26,
'R': 27,
'S': 28,
'T': 29,
'U': 30,
'V': 31,
'W': 32,
'X': 33,
'Y': 34,
'Z': 35,
'a': 36,
'b': 37,
'c': 38,
'd': 39,
'e': 40,
'f': 41,
'g': 42,
'h': 43,
'i': 44,
'j': 45,
'k': 46,
'l': 47,
'm': 48,
'n': 49,
'o': 50,
'p': 51,
'q': 52,
'r': 53,
's': 54,
't': 55,
'u': 56,
'v': 57,
'w': 58,
'x': 59,
'y': 60,
'z': 61,
'!': 62,
'"': 63,
'#': 64,
'$': 65,
'%': 66,
'&': 67,
"'": 68,
'(': 69,
')': 70,
'*': 71,
'+': 72,
',': 73,
'-': 74,
'.': 75,
'/': 76,
':': 77,
';': 78,
'<': 79,
'=': 80,
'>': 81,
'?': 82,
'@': 83,
'[': 84,
'\\': 85,
']': 86,
'^': 87,
'_': 88,
'`': 89,
'{': 90,
'|': 91,
'}': 92,
'~': 93}
# Take a string and base to convert to.
# Allocate space to store your number.
# For each character in your string:
# Ensure character is in your table.
# Find the value of your character.
# Ensure value is within your base.
# Self-multiply your number with the base.
# Self-add your number with the digit's value.
# Return the number.
integer = 0
for character in innitvar:
assert character in SY2VA, 'Found unknown character!'
value = SY2VA[character]
assert value < basevar, 'Found digit outside base!'
integer *= basevar
integer += value
# Create a value-to-symbol table.
VA2SY = dict(map(reversed, SY2VA.items()))
# Take a integer and base to convert to.
# Create an array to store the digits in.
# While the integer is not zero:
# Divide the integer by the base to:
# (1) Find the "last" digit in your number (value).
# (2) Store remaining number not "chopped" (integer).
# Save the digit in your storage array.
# Return your joined digits after putting them in the right order.
array = []
while integer:
integer, value = divmod(integer, convertvar)
array.append(VA2SY[value])
answer = ''.join(reversed(array))
# Display the results of the calculations.
print answer
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