编写交叉兼容的 Python 2/3:__future__、6 和 future.utils 之间的区别? [英] Writing cross-compatible Python 2/3: Difference between __future__, six, and future.utils?

问题描述

我正在此备忘单的帮助下编写交叉兼容的 Python 2 和 3 代码.我注意到有不同的包和模块可以帮助做到这一点:future 包(例如 future.utils 等)，six包，以及内置的 __future__ 模块.

I'm writing cross-compatible Python 2 and 3 code with some help from this cheatsheet. I've noticed there are different packages and modules that help to do this: the future package (e.g. future.utils etc), the six package, and the built in __future__ module.

在使用这些软件包时有什么需要注意的区别吗?我应该混合和匹配它们，还是可以编写完全交叉兼容的代码，只用其中之一编写?

Are there any differences to be aware of when using these packages? Should I be mixing and matching them, or is it possible to write fully cross-compatible code be written with just one of them?

推荐答案

在python 2-3兼容性方面:

In terms of python 2-3 compatibility:

__future__ - 是 python 中的一个内置模块，它允许您在 python 版本中使用可选功能，其中它们是可选的(与强制).例如，unicode_literals 在 python2.7 中是可选的，但在 python3.0 中成为必需的.

__future__ - is a built-in module in python which allows you to use optional features in python versions where they are optional (vs mandatory). For example, unicode_literals was optional in python2.7 but became mandatory in python3.0.

six - 主要重命名模块/函数以在 python2 到 python3 之间产生更高的兼容性，但实际上并没有向后移植(或向前 -端口)功能.Python 版本 >=2.4 也支持它.

six - mostly renames modules/functions to produce higher compatibility between python2 to python3, but doesn't actually backport (or forward-port) functionality. It is also supported for python versions >=2.4.

future - 更现代，只支持python>=2.6,>=3.3，功能更丰富.

future - more modern, only supports python>=2.6,>=3.3, and is more rich in features.

似乎有一些协议未来 如果您可以放弃对旧版本 python 的支持，则首选 six.

Seems like there is some agreement that future is preferred to six if you can drop support for old versions of python.

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