如何定义基本的 Python 结构? [英] How to define basic Python structures?

问题描述

我从 Racket 来到 Python.在 Racket 中，我会像这样定义一个 Point 结构:

I'm coming to Python from Racket. In Racket, I would define a Point structure like this:

(struct Point (x y) #:transparent)

一个点现在是一个结构体，有两个字段，名为 x 和 y.我可以通过调用 equal? 来比较两个结构的(深度)相等性.

A point is now a structure with two fields named x and y. I can compare two structures for (deep) equality by calling equal?.

Python 中的等价物是什么?在我看来，我必须写十二行:

What is the equivalent in Python? It looks to me like I have to write twelve lines:

class Point():
    def __init__(self,x,y):
        self.x = x;
        self.y = y;

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return ((type(other) is Point)
          and self.x == other.x
          and self.y == other.y)

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not(self == other)

...但肯定有更简单的方法吗?

... but surely there's an easier way?

推荐答案

是的，好吧，如果您需要一个完整的类来表示您的数据类型，那么您将不得不依赖 __eq__ 和相关的dunder方法.但是，在这种特殊情况下，Pythonista 将使用 namedtuple:

Yes, well, if you need an entire class to represent your data type, then you will have to rely on the __eq__ and related dunder methods. However, in this particular case, a Pythonista would use a namedtuple:

from collections import namedtuple
Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x','y'])

这将继承 tuple 的所有内容.

Which will inherit all that from tuple.

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