关于使用正则表达式进行 URL 验证的问题 [英] Question about URL Validation with Regex

问题描述

我有以下正则表达式可以很好地匹配网址:

I have the following regex that does a great job matching urls:

((https?|ftp|gopher|telnet|file|notes|ms-help):((//)|(\\\\))+[\w\d:#@%/;$()~_?\+-=\\\.&]*)`

但是，它不处理没有前缀的 url，即.stackoverflow.com 或 www.google.com 不匹配.有谁知道我如何修改这个正则表达式而不关心是否有前缀?

However, it does not handle urls without a prefix, ie. stackoverflow.com or www.google.com do not match. Anyone know how I can modify this regex to not care if there is a prefix or not?

我的问题是不是太含糊了?需要更多细节吗?

Does my question too vague? Does it need more details?

(((https?|ftp|gopher|telnet|file|notes|ms-help):((//)|(\\\\)))?[\w\d:#@%/;$()~_?\+-=\\\.&]*)

我加了一个 ()?围绕像 Vinko Vrsalovic 建议的协议，但现在正则表达式几乎可以匹配任何字符串，只要它具有有效的 URL 字符.

I added a ()? around the protocols like Vinko Vrsalovic suggested, but now the regex will match nearly any string, as long as it has valid URL characters.

我的实现是我有一个管理内容的数据库，它有一个字段，其中包含纯文本、电话号码、URL 或电子邮件地址.我一直在寻找一种简单的方法来验证输入，以便我可以正确格式化它，即.为 url/电子邮件创建锚标记，并格式化电话号码我如何在整个网站上格式化其他号码.有什么建议吗?

My implementation of this is I have a database that I manage the contents, and it has a field that either has plain text, a phone number, a URL or an email address. I was looking for an easy way to validate the input so I can have it properly formatted, ie. creating anchor tags for the url/email, and formatting the phone number how I have the other numbers formatted throughout the site. Any suggestions?

推荐答案

以下正则表达式来自精彩的 掌握正则表达式.如果您不熟悉自由间距/评论模式，建议您熟悉一下与它.

The below regex is from the wonderful Mastering Regular Expressions book. If you are not familiar with the free spacing/comments mode, I suggest you get familiar with it.

\b
# Match the leading part (proto://hostname, or just hostname)
(
    # ftp://, http://, or https:// leading part
    (ftp|https?)://[-\w]+(\.\w[-\w]*)+
  |
    # or, try to find a hostname with our more specific sub-expression
    (?i: [a-z0-9] (?:[-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])? \. )+ # sub domains
    # Now ending .com, etc. For these, require lowercase
    (?-i: com\b
        | edu\b
        | biz\b
        | gov\b
        | in(?:t|fo)\b # .int or .info
        | mil\b
        | net\b
        | org\b
        | name\b
        | coop\b
        | aero\b
        | museum\b
        | [a-z][a-z]\b # two-letter country codes
    )
)

# Allow an optional port number
( : \d+ )?

# The rest of the URL is optional, and begins with / . . . 
(
     /
     # The rest are heuristics for what seems to work well
     [^.!,?;"'<>()\[\]{}\s\x7F-\xFF]*
     (?:
        [.!,?]+  [^.!,?;"'<>()\[\]{}\s\x7F-\xFF]+
     )*
)?

简要解释这个正则表达式(完整的解释，请阅读本书)- URL 有一个或多个点分隔部分，以有限的最后位列表或两个字母的国家/地区代码(.uk .fr ...).此外，部件可能有任何字母数字字符或连字符-"，但连字符不能是部件的第一个或最后一个字符.然后可能有一个端口号，然后是其余的.

To explain this regex briefly (for a full explanation get the book) - URLs have one or more dot separated parts ending with either a limited list of final bits, or a two letter country code (.uk .fr ...). In addition the parts may have any alphanumeric characters or hyphens '-', but hyphens may not be the first or last character of the parts. Then there may be a port number, and then the rest of it.

要从网站中提取此内容，请转至 http://regex.info/listing.cgi?ed=3&p=207 来自第 3 版的第 207 页.

To extract this from the website, go to http://regex.info/listing.cgi?ed=3&p=207 It is from page 207 of the 3rd edition.

页面上写着Copyright © 2008 Jeffrey Friedl"，所以我不确定使用条件是什么，但我希望如果你拥有这本书，你可以使用它所以......我希望我没有违反规则把它放在这里.

And the page says "Copyright © 2008 Jeffrey Friedl" so I'm not sure what the conditions for use are exactly, but I would expect that if you own the book you could use it so ... I'm hoping I'm not breaking the rules putting it here.

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