在 Rails 4 中渲染部分/在 rake 任务/后台作业/模型中查看 [英] Rendering partials / view in a rake task / background job / model in Rails 4

问题描述

我已经阅读了很多关于在 rake 任务/后台作业/模型中渲染 Rails 部分和视图的内容.我在 Stackoverflow 和网络上发现的绝大多数内容都描述了在 Rails 3 中工作的方法，但它们似乎已经过时，我没有让它们工作(即使花了相当多的时间进行实验).

I've read a lot on rendering Rails partials and views in rake tasks / background jobs / models. The vast majority of things I have found on Stackoverflow and the web describe approaches working in Rails 3, but they seem outdated and I didn't get them to work (even with quite some time spent experimenting).

那么，我如何在 Rails 4 的后台作业中渲染部分内容?

这是我迄今为止制定的最佳方法(在控制台中演示).

Here's the best approach I've worked out so far (demonstrated in the console).

c = ApplicationController.new
result = c.render_to_string(partial: 'tweets/tweet', locals: {tweet: Tweet.first})
# =>
#   Tweet Load (0.8ms)  SELECT "tweets".* FROM "tweets" ORDER BY "tweets"."id" ASC LIMIT 1
#   Author Load (0.6ms)  SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" = $1 ORDER BY "authors"."id" ASC LIMIT 1  [["id", 1]]
#   Status Load (0.6ms)  SELECT "statuses".* FROM "statuses" WHERE "statuses"."twitter_id" = 367523226848866304 LIMIT 1
#   Rendered tweets/_tweet_body.html.slim (17.5ms)
#   Rendered tweets/_resolved_tweet.html.slim (23.7ms)
#   Rendered tweets/_tweet.html.slim (28.1ms)
# ActionView::Template::Error: undefined method `tweet_path' for #<#<Class:0x007fb21bf797a0>:0x007fb21cb009e8>
# from /Users/thomasklemm/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p195/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/actionpack-4.0.0/lib/action_dispatch/routing/polymorphic_routes.rb:129:in `polymorphic_url'

有什么想法吗?提前致谢！

Any ideas? Thanks in advance!

更新:上面提到的tweet_path确实没有定义.此错误是由于使用实例变量链接到路径 = link_to 'Tweet', [@project, tweet](超薄模板)而导致的，该实例变量将出现在从某个控制器继承的视图中，但在在此上下文之外呈现.我通过适当的关联解决了这个问题，而不是 = link_to 'Tweet', [tweet.project, tweet].

Update: The tweet_path mentioned above is indeed not defined. This error resulted from linking to a path = link_to 'Tweet', [@project, tweet] (slim templates) using an instance variable that would be present in views inheriting from a certain controller, but not when rendered outside of this context. I solved this going through the appropriate association instead = link_to 'Tweet', [tweet.project, tweet].

推荐答案

以下是我从大量来源编译的内容，以及在 Rails 4 中对我有用的内容.

Here's what I compiled from lots of sources and what works for me in Rails 4.

使用这个 Renderer 类，您应该能够在任何上下文中渲染 Rails 4 视图和部分，例如后台作业、服务对象、模型、工作人员，等等.

With this Renderer class, you should be able to render Rails 4 views and partials in any context, like background jobs, service objects, models, workers, you name it.

# app/services/renderer.rb
# Render views and partials in rake tasks,
# background workers, service objects and more
#
# Use:
#
# class MyService
#   def render_stuff
#     result = renderer.render(partial: 'tweets/tweet', locals: {tweet: Tweet.first})
#     # or even
#     result = renderer.render(Tweet.first)
#   end
#
#   private
#
#   def renderer
#     @renderer ||= Renderer.new.renderer
#   end
# end
#
class Renderer
  def renderer
    controller = ApplicationController.new
    controller.request = ActionDispatch::TestRequest.new
    ViewRenderer.new(Rails.root.join('app', 'views'), {}, controller)
  end
end

# app/services/view_renderer.rb
# A helper class for Renderer
class ViewRenderer < ActionView::Base
  include Rails.application.routes.url_helpers
  include ApplicationHelper

  def default_url_options
     {host: Rails.application.routes.default_url_options[:host]}
  end
end

更新:

似乎有一个更简单的解决方案:http://makandracards.com/makandra/17751-render-a-view-from-a-model-in-rails

There seems to be an easier solution: http://makandracards.com/makandra/17751-render-a-view-from-a-model-in-rails

ApplicationController.new.render_to_string(
  :template => 'users/index',
  :locals => { :@users => @users }
)
# Mind the weird syntax to set @ variables in :locals.

更新 2:

有一个名为 render_anywhere 的 gem，它允许从任何地方:模型、后台作业、rake 任务等.

There's a gem called render_anywhere that allows for calling "render" from anywhere: models, background jobs, rake tasks, etc.

更新 3:

在 Rails 5 中，渲染器已经被提取出来，可以从后台作业和其他地方独立使用:

In Rails 5, the renderer has been extracted and can be used standalone from background jobs and other places:

ApplicationController.renderer.render(
  partial: 'messages/message',
  locals: { message: message }
)

对于 Rails <= 4.2，可以使用 backport_new_renderer gem 向后移植此功能.

For Rails <= 4.2, this functionality can be backported with the backport_new_renderer gem.

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