Ruby on Rails 应用程序上的 AssociationTypeMismatch 错误 [英] AssociationTypeMismatch Error on Ruby on Rails app

问题描述

我的 ruby​​ on rails 应用程序出现问题.我有两个模型——病人"和地址"，一个病人有一个地址，一个地址属于一个病人.

I am having problems with my ruby on rails app. I have two models - 'patient' and 'address', a patient has one address, and an address belongs to a patient.

患者.rb

class Patient < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :charge_slips
  has_one :address

  validates_presence_of :last_name
  validates_presence_of :first_name
  validates_presence_of :middle_name

end

地址.rb

class Address < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :patient
  validates_associated :patient
end

患者控制器.rb

class PatientController < ApplicationController
  def index
    @title = "Outpatient Services - Patient"
    @today = Date.today.to_formatted_s(:long)
    @patients = Patient.find(:all)
  end

  def new
    @patient = Patient.new
    @address = Address.new
  end

  def create
    @patient = Patient.new(params[:patient])
    @patient.created_on = Date.today.to_formatted_s(:long)

    if @patient.save
      @address = Address.new(params[:address])
      @address.patient_id = @patient.id
      if @address.save
        redirect_to :action => 'index'
      else
        redirect_to :action => 'new'
      end
      redirect_to :action => 'index'
    else
      redirect_to :action => 'new'
    end
  end
end

new.html.rb

new.html.rb

<%= content_tag('h3', 'Create New Patient') %>
<hr>
<% form_for @patient, :url => { :action => "create" } do |patient_form| -%>
    <%= error_messages_for :patient %>
    <%= patient_form.label :last_name, 'Last Name:' %> <%= patient_form.text_field :last_name, :size => 30 %><br>
    <%= patient_form.label :first_name, 'First Name:' %> <%= patient_form.text_field :first_name, :size => 30 %><br>
    <%= patient_form.label :middle_name, 'Middle Name:' %> <%= patient_form.text_field :middle_name, :size => 30 %><br>

    <fieldset>
        <legend>Patient's Permanent Address</legend>
        <%= error_messages_for :address %>
        <% patient_form.fields_for @address do |address_fields| -%>
            <%= address_fields.label :street_name, 'Street Name:' %> <%= address_fields.text_field :street_name %><br>
            <%= address_fields.label :barangay, 'Barangay:' %> <%= address_fields.text_field :barangay %><br>
            <%= address_fields.label :city_municipality, 'City/Municipality:' %> <%= address_fields.text_field :city_municipality %><br>
            <%= address_fields.label :country, 'Country:' %> <%= address_fields.text_field :country %><br>
            <%= address_fields.label :zip_cide, 'Zip Code:' %> <%= address_fields.text_field :zip_code %><br>
        <% end -%>
    </fieldset>

    <%= submit_tag "Add Patient" %>
<% end -%>

每次我添加一个新病人时都会抛出一个错误.这是错误的一部分:

Everytime I add a new patient an error is thrown. Here is a part of the error:

ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch in PatientController#create

Address(#31360520) expected, got HashWithIndifferentAccess(#23815500)

RAILS_ROOT: C:/www/Outpatient Application Trace | Framework Trace | Full Trace

C:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.3/lib/active_record/associations/association_proxy.rb:263:in `raise_on_type_mismatch'
C:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.3/lib/active_record/associations/has_one_association.rb:52:in `replace'
C:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.3/lib/active_record/associations.rb:1246:in `address='
C:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.3/lib/active_record/base.rb:2740:in `send'
C:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.3/lib/active_record/base.rb:2740:in `attributes='
C:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.3/lib/active_record/base.rb:2736:in `each'
C:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.3/lib/active_record/base.rb:2736:in `attributes='
C:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.3/lib/active_record/base.rb:2434:in `initialize'
C:/www/Outpatient/app/controllers/patient_controller.rb:14:in `new'
C:/www/Outpatient/app/controllers/patient_controller.rb:14:in `create'

我是 RoR 的新手，想通过练习来学习语言.我想知道代码可能有什么问题.谢谢！

I am new to RoR and would like to learn the language through practice. I want to know what might be wrong with the code. Thanks!

推荐答案

首先你的 Patient 模型需要一个 accepts_nested_attributes_for

First your Patient model needs an accepts_nested_attributes_for

class Patient < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :charge_slips
  has_one :address

  validates_presence_of :last_name
  validates_presence_of :first_name
  validates_presence_of :middle_name

  accepts_nested_attributes_for :address

end

您的控制器可以大大简化.无需单独保存地址，因为 @patient.save 会处理这些.你不需要设置created_on 属性是手动设置的，因为它会自动设置 :) 此外，当 @patient.save 失败时，您可能希望 render :action =>'new' 而不是 redirect_to :action =>'新'.这将重新显示带有任何验证错误的表单(redirect_to 不会.)

Your controller can be simplified a great deal. There is no need to save the address separately since @patient.save will take care of that. You don't need to set the created_on attribute manually since it will be set automagically :) Also when @patient.save fails you probably want to render :action => 'new' and not redirect_to :action => 'new'. This will redisplay the form with any validation errors (redirect_to will not.)

另请注意，我将您的控制器类重命名为 PatientsController 而不是 PatientController.这将更符合 Rails 的 RESTful 约定，也将帮助您稍微简化您的视图.如果您这样做，您将需要 routes.db 文件中的 map.resources :patients，并且您还需要重命名您的文件.

Also note that i renamed your controller class to PatientsController instead of PatientController. This will be more in line with Rails' RESTful conventions and will also help you simplify your view a bit. If you do this you'll need a map.resources :patients in your routes.db file, and you'll need to rename your files too.

class PatientsController < ApplicationController
  def index
    @title = "Outpatient Services - Patient"
    @today = Date.today.to_formatted_s(:long)
    @patients = Patient.find(:all)
  end

  def new
    @patient = Patient.new
    @patient.build_address
  end

  def create
    @patient = Patient.new(params[:patient])

    if @patient.save
      redirect_to :action => 'index'
    else
      render :action => 'new'
    end
  end
end

您的观点有一个小错误.它需要是 fields_for :address 而不是 fields_for @address.此外，由于您的控制器现在是 RESTful，您可以删除 :url =>{:动作=>创建"} 部分.

Your view has a small error. It needs to be fields_for :address and not fields_for @address. Also since your controller is now RESTful your can remove the :url => { :action => "create" } part.

<%= content_tag('h3', 'Create New Patient') %>
<hr>
<% form_for @patient do |patient_form| -%>
    <%= error_messages_for :patient %>
    <%= patient_form.label :last_name, 'Last Name:' %> <%= patient_form.text_field :last_name, :size => 30 %><br>
    <%= patient_form.label :first_name, 'First Name:' %> <%= patient_form.text_field :first_name, :size => 30 %><br>
    <%= patient_form.label :middle_name, 'Middle Name:' %> <%= patient_form.text_field :middle_name, :size => 30 %><br>

    <fieldset>
        <legend>Patient's Permanent Address</legend>
        <%= error_messages_for :address %>
        <% patient_form.fields_for :address do |address_fields| -%>
                <%= address_fields.label :street_name, 'Street Name:' %> <%= address_fields.text_field :street_name %><br>
                <%= address_fields.label :barangay, 'Barangay:' %> <%= address_fields.text_field :barangay %><br>
                <%= address_fields.label :city_municipality, 'City/Municipality:' %> <%= address_fields.text_field :city_municipality %><br>
                <%= address_fields.label :country, 'Country:' %> <%= address_fields.text_field :country %><br>
                <%= address_fields.label :zip_cide, 'Zip Code:' %> <%= address_fields.text_field :zip_code %><br>
        <% end -%>
    </fieldset>

    <%= submit_tag "Add Patient" %>
<% end -%>

希望这有帮助:)

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