AWK、SED、REGEX 重命名文件 [英] AWK, SED, REGEX to rename files

问题描述

我只是在学习使用 REGEX、AWK 和 SED.我目前有一组要重命名的文件 - 它们都位于一个目录中.

I'm only learning to use REGEX, AWK and SED. I currently have a group of files that I'd like to rename - they all sit in one directory.

命名模式是一致的，但我想重新排列文件名，格式如下:

The naming pattern is consistent, but I would like to re-arrange the filenames, here is the format:

01._HORRIBLE_HISTORIES_S2.mp4
02._HORRIBLE_HISTORIES_S2.mp4

我想将它们重命名为 HORRIBLE_HISTORIES_s01e01.mp4 - e01 是从第一列收集的.我知道我想从第一列中获取01"，将其填充到一个变量中，然后将其粘贴在每个文件名中的 S2 之后，同时我想将它从文件名的开头与._"，另外我想将S2"更改为s02".

I'd like to rename them to HORRIBLE_HISTORIES_s01e01.mp4 - where the e01 is gleaned from the first column. I know that I want to grab "01" from the first column, stuff it in a variable then paste it after the S2 in each filename, at the same time I want to remove it from the beginning of the filename along with the "._", additionally I want to change the "S2" to "s02".

如果有人这么好心，你能帮我用 awk/sed 写一些东西并解释程序，我可以从中学习吗?

If anyone would be so kind, could you help me write something using awk/sed and explain the procedure, that I might learn from it?

推荐答案

for f in *.mp4; do 
  echo mv "$f" \
    "$(awk -F '[._]' '{ si = sprintf("%02s", substr($5,2)); 
                          print $3 "_" $4 "_s" si "e" $1 "." $6 }' <<<"$f")"
done 

• 遍历所有 *.mp4 文件.
• 将每个重命名为 awk 命令的结果，通过命令替换 ($(...)) 提供.
• awk 命令通过 . 或_"将输入文件名拆分为标记(这使得第一个标记可用为 $1，第二个为 $2, ...).
• 首先，将_S{number}"中的数字左填充为带有 0 的 2 位数字(即，仅当数字不存在时才会添加 0't 已经有 2 个数字)并存储在变量 si(季节索引)中；如果总是在前面加上 0 没问题，那么 awk 程序"可以简化为:{ print $3 "_" $4 "_s0" substr($5,2) "e" $1 "."$6 }
• 然后重新排列结果以及剩余的标记以形成所需的文件名.
• Loops over all *.mp4 files.
• Renames each to the result of the awk command, provided via command substitution ($(...)).
• The awk command splits the input filename into tokens by . or "_" (which makes the first token available as $1, the second as $2, ...).
• First, the number in "_S{number}" is left-padded to 2 digits with a 0 (i.e., a 0 is only prepended if the number doesn't already have 2 digits) and stored in variable si (season index); if it's OK to always prepend 0, the awk "program" can be simplified to: { print $3 "_" $4 "_s0" substr($5,2) "e" $1 "." $6 }
• The result, along with the remaining tokens, is then rearranged to form the desired filename.

注意 mv 之前的 echo 以允许您安全地预览结果命令 - 删除它以执行实际重命名.

Note the echo before mv to allow you to safely preview the resulting command - remove it to perform actual renaming.

替代方案:使用正则表达式的纯 bash 解决方案:

Alternative: a pure bash solution using a regular expression:

for f in *.mp4; do 
  [[ $f =~ ^([0-9]+)\._([^.]+)_S([^.]+)\.(.+)$ ]]
  echo mv "$f" \
"${BASH_REMATCH[2]}_s0${BASH_REMATCH[3]}e${BASH_REMATCH[1]}.${BASH_REMATCH[4]}"
done 

• 使用 bash 的正则表达式匹配运算符 =~ 和捕获组((...) 中的子字符串)来匹配每个文件名并提取子字符串兴趣.
• 匹配结果存储在特殊数组变量 $BASH_REMATCH 中，元素 0 包含整个匹配，1 包含匹配的内容第一个捕获组，2 第二个，依此类推.
• mv 命令的目标参数然后按所需顺序组装捕获组匹配项；请注意，在这种情况下，为简单起见，我将 s{number} 的零填充设为无条件 - 0 只是在前面添加.
• Uses bash's regular-expression matching operator, =~, with capture groups (the substrings in (...)) to match against each filename and extract substrings of interest.
• The matching results are stored in the special array variable $BASH_REMATCH, with element 0 containing the entire match, 1 containing what matches the first capture group, 2 the second, and so on.
• The mv command's target argument then assembles the capture-group matches in the desired order; note that in this case, for simplicity, I've made the zero-padding of s{number} unconditional - a 0 is simply prepended.

如上，您需要在 mv 之前删除 echo 才能执行实际重命名.

As above, you need to remove echo before mv to perform actual renaming.

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