需要使用 os.walk() 的特定文件的路径 [英] Need the path for particular files using os.walk()

问题描述

我正在尝试执行一些地理处理.我的任务是找到一个目录中的所有 shapefile，然后在该目录中找到该 shapefile 的完整路径名.我可以获取 shapefile 的名称，但我不知道如何获取该 shapefile 的完整路径名.

I'm trying to perform some geoprocessing. My task is to locate all shapefiles within a directory, and then find the full path name for that shapefile within the directory. I can get the name of the shapefile, but I don't know how to get the full path name for that shapefile.

shpfiles = []
for path, subdirs, files in os.walk(path):
    for x in files:
        if x.endswith(".shp") == True:
            shpfiles.append[x]

推荐答案

os.walk 为您提供目录的路径作为循环中的第一个值，只需使用 os.path.join() 创建完整的文件名:

os.walk gives you the path to the directory as the first value in the loop, just use os.path.join() to create full filename:

shpfiles = []
for dirpath, subdirs, files in os.walk(path):
    for x in files:
        if x.endswith(".shp"):
            shpfiles.append(os.path.join(dirpath, x))

我将循环中的 path 重命名为 dirpath 以免与您已经传递给 os.walk 的 path 变量冲突().

I renamed path in the loop to dirpath to not conflict with the path variable you already were passing to os.walk().

注意不需要测试.endswith() == True的结果；if 已经为你做了这些，== True 部分是完全多余的.

Note that you do not need to test if the result of .endswith() == True; if already does that for you, the == True part is entirely redundant.

你可以使用 .extend() 和一个生成器表达式来使上面的代码更紧凑:

You can use .extend() and a generator expression to make the above code a little more compact:

shpfiles = []
for dirpath, subdirs, files in os.walk(path):
    shpfiles.extend(os.path.join(dirpath, x) for x in files if x.endswith(".shp"))

甚至作为一种列表理解:

or even as one list comprehension:

shpfiles = [os.path.join(d, x)
            for d, dirs, files in os.walk(path)
            for x in files if x.endswith(".shp")]

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