从 R 中的核密度估计中获取值 [英] Getting values from kernel density estimation in R

问题描述

我正在尝试获取 R 中股票价格对数的密度估计值.我知道我可以使用 plot(density(x)) 绘制它.但是，我实际上想要函数的值.

I am trying to get density estimates for the log of stock prices in R. I know I can plot it using plot(density(x)). However, I actually want values for the function.

我正在尝试实现内核密度估计公式.这是我到目前为止所拥有的:

I'm trying to implement the kernel density estimation formula. Here's what I have so far:

a <- read.csv("boi_new.csv", header=FALSE)
S = a[,3] # takes column of increments in stock prices
dS=S[!is.na(S)] # omits first empty field

N = length(dS)                  # Sample size
rseed = 0                       # Random seed
x = rep(c(1:5),N/5)             # Inputted data

set.seed(rseed)   # Sets random seed for reproducibility

QL <- function(dS){
    h = density(dS)$bandwidth
    r = log(dS^2)
    f = 0*x
    for(i in 1:N){
        f[i] = 1/(N*h) * sum(dnorm((x-r[i])/h))
    }
    return(f)
}

QL(dS)

任何帮助将不胜感激.已经在这呆了好几天了！

Any help would be much appreciated. Been at this for days!

推荐答案

您可以直接从 密度 函数中提取值:

You can pull the values directly from the density function:

x = rnorm(100)
d = density(x, from=-5, to = 5, n = 1000)
d$x
d$y

或者，如果您真的想编写自己的核密度函数，这里有一些代码可以帮助您入门:

Alternatively, if you really want to write your own kernel density function, here's some code to get you started:

1. 设置点z和x范围:

z = c(-2, -1, 2)
x = seq(-5, 5, 0.01)

现在我们将点添加到图形中

Now we'll add the points to a graph

plot(0, 0, xlim=c(-5, 5), ylim=c(-0.02, 0.8), 
     pch=NA, ylab="", xlab="z")
for(i in 1:length(z)) {
   points(z[i], 0, pch="X", col=2)
}
 abline(h=0)

在每个点周围放置法线密度:

Put Normal density's around each point:

## Now we combine the kernels,
x_total = numeric(length(x))
for(i in 1:length(x_total)) {
  for(j in 1:length(z)) {
    x_total[i] = x_total[i] + 
      dnorm(x[i], z[j], sd=1)
  }
}

并将曲线添加到图中:

lines(x, x_total, col=4, lty=2)

最后，计算完整的估计:

Finally, calculate the complete estimate:

## Just as a histogram is the sum of the boxes, 
## the kernel density estimate is just the sum of the bumps. 
## All that's left to do, is ensure that the estimate has the
## correct area, i.e. in this case we divide by $n=3$:

plot(x, x_total/3, 
       xlim=c(-5, 5), ylim=c(-0.02, 0.8), 
       ylab="", xlab="z", type="l")
abline(h=0)

这对应于

density(z, adjust=1, bw=1)

上图给出:

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