检查 char* 指针是否为空终止字符串的可移植方法 [英] Portable way to check if a char* pointer is a null-terminated string

问题描述

我有一个接受 char* 指针的 C 函数.该函数的前提条件之一是指针参数是一个以空字符结尾的字符串

I have a C function that takes in a char* pointer. One of the function's preconditions is that the pointer argument is a null-terminated string

void foo(char *str) {
    int length = strlen(str);
    // ...
}

如果 str 不是指向以空字符结尾的字符串的指针，则 strlen 崩溃.有没有一种可移植的方法来确保 char* 指针确实指向以空字符结尾的字符串?

If str isn't a pointer to a null-terminated string, then strlen crashes. Is there a portable way to ensure that a char* pointer really does point to a null-terminated string?

我正在考虑使用 VirtualQuery 在 str 之后找到不可读的最低地址，如果我们没有看到 str 和那个地址，那么 str 不指向以空字符结尾的字符串.

I was thinking about using VirtualQuery to find lowest address after str that's not readable, and if we haven't seen a null-terminator between the beginning of str and that address, then str doesn't point to a null-terminated string.

推荐答案

不，没有可移植的方法来做到这一点.一个以 null 结尾的字符串可以是任意长的(最多 SIZE_MAX 个字节)——一个 char 数组也是如此，不是 null——终止.接受 char* 参数的函数无法知道它指向的有效内存块有多大(如果有的话).检查必须遍历内存直到找到空字符，这意味着如果数组中没有空字符，它将越过它的末尾，从而导致未定义的行为.

No, there is no portable way to do that. A null-terminated string can be arbitrarily long (up to SIZE_MAX bytes) -- and so can a char array that isn't null-terminated. A function that takes a char* argument has no way of knowing how big a chunk of valid memory it points to, if any. A check would have to traverse memory until it finds a null character, which means that if there is no null character in array, it will go past the end of it, causing undefined behavior.

这就是为什么将字符串指针作为参数的标准 C 库函数具有未定义的参数行为不指向字符串的原因.(检查 NULL 指针会很容易，但这只会捕获一个错误情况，代价是有效参数的执行速度较慢.)

That's why the standard C library functions that take string pointers as arguments have undefined behavior of the argument doesn't point to a string. (Checking for a NULL pointer would be easy enough, but that would catch only one error case at the cost of slower execution for valid arguments.)

回复您的问题标题:

检查 char* 指针是否为空终止字符串的可移植方法

Portable way to check if a char* pointer is a null-terminated string

指针不能是字符串.它可能是也可能不是指向字符串的指针.

a pointer cannot be a string. It may or may not be a pointer to a string.

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