python子进程输出到列表或文件 [英] python subprocess output to list or file

问题描述

我想在 Python 3 中运行以下 bash 命令:

I want to run the following bash command in Python 3:

ls -l

我知道我可以做到以下几点:

I know that I can do the following:

from subprocess import call
call(['ls', '-l'])

如何将此输出保存到文件中，或将其放入列表或集合中?

How do I save this output to a file, or put it into lists or sets?

[-rw-r--r--]  [1] [name]  [staff]   [426] [14 Jan 21:52] [HelloWorld.class]
[-rw-r--r--@] [1] [name]  [staff]   [107] [14 Jan 21:51] [HelloWorld.java]
...
etc.

我希望能够直接访问特定信息，然后将其添加到集合中，但我不知道将列出多少项.

I want to be able to access particular information directly, and then add it to the set, but I do not know how many items will be listed.

任何提示、片段或示例都会有所帮助.

Any hints, snippets, or examples would really help.

推荐答案

访问 ls -l 输出中的信息的一种方法是解析它.例如，csv.DictReader 可用于将每一列映射到字典中的一个字段:

One way to access to the information in ls -l output is to parse it. For example, csv.DictReader could be use to map each column to a field in a dictionary:

import subprocess
import csv

process = subprocess.Popen(['ls', '-l'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
stdout, stderr = process.communicate()

reader = csv.DictReader(stdout.decode('ascii').splitlines(),
                        delimiter=' ', skipinitialspace=True,
                        fieldnames=['permissions', 'links',
                                    'owner', 'group', 'size',
                                    'date', 'time', 'name'])

for row in reader:
    print(row)

上面的代码将在 ls -l 输出中为每一行打印一个字典，例如:

The code above will print a dictionary for each line in ls -l output such as:

{'group': '<group_name>',
 'name': '<filename>',
 'links': '1',
 'date': '<modified_date>',
 'time': '<modified_time>',
 'owner': '<user_name>',
 'permissions': '-rw-rw-r--',
 'size': '<size>'}

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