mailx 不适用于子进程 [英] mailx does not work with subprocess

问题描述

我可以通过在命令行中手动输入此命令来发送电子邮件:

I can send email by typing this command manually into the command line:

 echo "test email" | mailx -s "test email" [e-mail]

我在收件箱中收到了电子邮件，工作正常.

I get the email in my inbox, works.

虽然它不适用于子进程:

It does not work with subprocess though:

import subprocess
recipients = ['[e-mail]']
args = [
    'echo', '"%s"' % 'test email', '|',
    'mailx',
    '-s', '"%s"' % 'test email',
] + recipients
LOG.info(' '.join(args))
subprocess.Popen(args=args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]

没有错误，但我从未在收件箱中收到电子邮件.

No errors, but I never receive the email in my inbox.

有什么想法吗?

推荐答案

| 字符必须由 shell 解释，而不是由程序解释.您当前执行的操作类似于以下命令:

The | character has to be interpreted by the shell, not by the program. What you currently do looks like the following command :

echo "test email" \| mailx -s "test email" [e-mail]

那就是没有shell处理|并将其作为字符串传递给echo.

That is do not have the shell process the | and pass it as a string to echo.

你有两种方法可以解决这个问题:

You have two ways to fix that :

• 使用子进程(echo 和 mailx)从 python 显式启动 2 个命令，并将 echo 的输出通过管道传输到 的输入mailx
• 在子进程中使用 shell=True 参数

• explicitely start 2 commands from python with subprocess (echo and mailx) and pipe the output from echo to the input of mailx
• use shell=True parameter in subprocess

第二种解决方案更简单，会导致:

The second solution is simpler and would result in :

import subprocess
recipients = '[e-mail]'
cmd = ('echo "%s" | mailx -s "%s"' % ('test email', 'test email')) + recipients
LOG.info(cmd)
subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True).communicate()[0]

但是你应该在命令中使用完整路径以避免PATH环境问题，这会导致安全问题(你最终会执行不需要的命令)

But you should use full path in commands to avoid PATH environment problems that can result in security problems (you end in executing unwanted commands)

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