如何安全地处理可选参数 [英] How can I safely deal with optional parameters

问题描述

我正在编写一个过程来在输出文件中创建一个标题.

I am writing a proc to create a header in an output file.

目前它需要带一个可选参数，这是标题的可能注释.

Currently it needs to take an optional parameter, which is a possible comment for the header.

我最终将其编码为单个可选参数

I have ended up coding this as a single optional parameter

proc dump_header { test description {comment = ""}}

但想知道如何使用 args 实现相同的效果

but would like to know how I can achieve the same using args

proc dump_header { test description args }

检查 args 是否为单个空白参数 ($args == "") 非常容易，但如果传递多个参数则无法很好地处理 - 无论如何我都需要否定检查.

It's quite easy to check for args being a single blank parameter ($args == ""), but doesn't cope well if passing multiple parameters - and I need the negative check anyway.

推荐答案

您的 proc 定义不正确(您会收到错误消息 too many fields in argument specifier "comment = """).应该是:

Your proc definition is incorrect (you'd get the error message too many fields in argument specifier "comment = """). Should be:

proc dump_header { test description {comment ""}} {
    puts $comment
}

如果你想使用args，你可以检查它的llength:

If you want to use args, you could examine the llength of it:

proc dump_header {test desc args} {
    switch -exact [llength $args] {
        0 {puts "no comment"}
        1 {puts "the comment is: $args"}
        default {
            puts "the comment is: [lindex $args 0]"
            puts "the other args are: [lrange $args 1 end]"
        }
    }
}

您可能还想在列表中传递名称-值对:

You might also want to pass name-value pairs in a list:

proc dump_header {test desc options} {
    # following will error if $options is an odd-length list
    array set opts $options

    if {[info exists opts(comment)]} {
        puts "the comment is: $opts(comment)"
    }
    puts "here are all the options given:"
    parray opts
}
dump_header "test" "description" {comment "a comment" arg1 foo arg2 bar}

有些人更喜欢 args 和名称-值对(a la Tk)的组合

Some prefer a combination of args and name-value pairs (a la Tk)

proc dump_header {test desc args} {
    # following will error if $args is an odd-length list
    array set opts $args
    if {[info exists opts(-comment)]} {
        puts "the comment is: $opts(-comment)"
    }
    parray opts
}
dump_header "test" "description" -comment "a comment" -arg1 foo -arg2 bar

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