默认情况下调用旧版本时从终端运行新版本的 R [英] Running newer version of R from terminal when older version is invoked by default

问题描述

我正在尝试在 OSX 计算机 (OSX 10.11.6) 上从 iTerm 运行 R.当我输入 R 时，它会从路径 /Users/***/miniconda2/bin/R 打开旧版本的 R.我希望它默认运行在 /usr/local/bin/R 中找到的 R 版本，而不必每次都输入完整路径.如何更改默认 R 的位置?

I'm trying to run R from iTerm on an OSX computer (OSX 10.11.6). When I enter R, it opens up an older version of R, from the path /Users/***/miniconda2/bin/R. I would like it to run, by default, an R version found at /usr/local/bin/R, without having to enter the full path every time. How would one go about changing the location of the default R?

感谢您的帮助

推荐答案

这可能是由于 PATH 变量优先于 ~/miniconda2/bin 在 /usr/local/bin.我在这里为您提供了一些选项，以帮助您了解发生这种情况的原因.

This is likely due to the PATH variable preferring ~/miniconda2/bin before /usr/local/bin. I'm giving you a few options here to help understand why it is happening.

假设您的 PATH 如下所示:

Let's assume your PATH looks like this:

/Users/me/bin:/Users/me/miniconda2/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

您可以修改 PATH 以将 /Users/me/miniconda2/bin 移动到 /usr/local/bin 之后或从 /usr/local/bin 中删除它code>PATH 完全.缺点是如果您依赖 ~/miniconda2/bin 中的其他二进制文件，则在按名称执行它们时将不再找到它们.

You could modify PATH to move /Users/me/miniconda2/bin after /usr/local/bin or remove it from PATH completely. The downside is that if you rely on other binaries in ~/miniconda2/bin they will no longer be found when executing them by name.

另一种选择是将 ~/miniconda/bin/R 移开，例如使用

Another option would be to move ~/miniconda/bin/R out of the way, for example using

mv ~/miniconda/bin/R ~/miniconda/bin/R-miniconda

之后 R 将从 $PATH 中的下一个位置运行，但如果您更新 miniconda2，它可能会返回.

Afterwards R will be run from the next location in $PATH, but if you update miniconda2 it may return.

最后，您可以确保在 $PATH 更远的地方有一个 R 可执行文件.这可能是最简单、最有效的选择.

Finally, you could make sure that there is an R executable in something that is further up the $PATH. This is probably the easiest and most effective option.

首先，确保您的主目录中有一个 bin 文件夹.如果不是这种情况，请使用 mkdir ~/bin 创建它，然后重新启动终端.重新启动应该会导致 ~/.profile 中的代码将该文件夹添加到您的 $PATH.您可以通过执行 echo $PATH 进行验证.如果不是这种情况，请将以下行添加到您的 ~/.profile 或 ~/.bash_profile:

First, make sure you have a bin folder in your home directory. If this is not the case, create it using mkdir ~/bin and then restart the terminal. The restart should cause the code in ~/.profile to add that folder to your $PATH. You can verify by doing echo $PATH. If this is not the case, add the following line to your ~/.profile or ~/.bash_profile:

export PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH

在顶部的示例中，PATH 已经在行首(最高优先级)包含 /Users/me/bin.

In the example at the top, the PATH already contains /Users/me/bin at the beginning of the line (highest priority).

接下来，在新创建的文件夹中创建一个指向 R 二进制文件的软链接:

Next, create a soft link to the R binary in the newly created folder:

ln -s /usr/local/bin/R ~/bin/R

您现在应该能够执行 R，它会更喜欢创建的软链接，它将执行您喜欢的软链接.如果它不能立即工作，请执行 hash -r 或重新启动终端.

You should now be able to execute R, which will prefer the softlink created, which will execute the one you like. If it does not work right away execute hash -r or restart the terminal.

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