使用乌龟绘制图案 [英] Drawing a pattern using turtle

问题描述

我正在尝试在正方形内绘制点图案.我已经设法绘制了图案，但是正方形中间有一个间隙(由于 x 坐标的反转引起).我该如何纠正这个错误?我试图反转范围(而不是 x 坐标)，但 python 不接受这种格式.

I am trying to draw a pattern of dots within a square. I have managed to draw the pattern, however there is a gap in the middle of the square (caused due to the inversion of the x coordinates). How can I correct this error? I have tried to invert the range (instead of the x coordinates), but python does not accept this format.

import turtle

T = turtle.Turtle()
turtle.tracer(0,0)
T.speed(10)
T.pensize(3)

zoom = 40 

def verticalSaddle2(T,n,k):
   for j in range(((n+1)//2),n+1):
          
    for i in range(1,(n+1)//2):
     
        if k <= 1 :
            return()

        else:
                        
                            T.penup()
                            T.setpos((j)* zoom, (i) * zoom)
                            T.pendown()
                            

                            T.dot(k)
                            k=k-2

    for i in range(((n+1)//2),n+1):
     
        if k <= 1 :
            return()
        else:
                        
                            T.penup()
                            T.setpos((j)* zoom, (i) * zoom)
                            T.pendown()
                            

                            T.dot(k)
                            k=k+2

 k=10
 n=7


 verticalSaddle2(T,n,k)

def verticalSaddle3(T,n,k):
for j in range(1,((n+1)//2)):
    
            for i in range(1,(n+1)//2):
             
                if k <= 1 :
                    return()

                else:
                                
                                    T.penup()
                                    T.setpos((-j)* zoom, (i) * zoom)
                                    T.pendown()
                                    

                                    T.dot(k)
                                    k=k-2

            for i in range(((n+1)//2),n+1):
             
                if k <= 1 :
                    return()
                else:
                                
                                    T.penup()
                                    T.setpos((-j)* zoom, (i) * zoom)
                                    T.pendown()
                                    

                                    T.dot(k)
                                    k=k+2
        
k=12
n=7
            
verticalSaddle3(T, n, k)

turtle.update()
turtle.done()

推荐答案

你的一个函数为负 x 绘制左侧图片，另一个函数为正 绘制右侧部分几乎相同的图片x，这两个部分只是另一部分的镜像版本.x 由 j 循环处理.为了绘制相同的左右图片而没有间隙，您的两个 j 循环应该固定在相同的范围内，从 0 到 (n+1)//2.生成的固定代码如下:

One of your function draws left part of picture for negative x, another function almost same picture for right part for positive x, both parts are just mirrored versions of another part. x is handled by j loop. In order to draw same left and right picture without gap your both j loops should be fixed to be in same range, from 0 to (n+1)//2. Resulting fixed code below:

import turtle

T = turtle.Turtle()
turtle.tracer(0,0)
T.speed(0.01)
T.pensize(3)

zoom = 40 

def verticalSaddle2(T,n,k):
    for j in range(0,(n+1) // 2):
              
        for i in range(1,(n+1)//2):
         
            if k <= 1 :
                return()

            else:
                            
                T.penup()
                T.setpos((j)* zoom, (i) * zoom)
                T.pendown()
                

                T.dot(k)
                k=k-2

        for i in range(((n+1)//2),n+1):
         
            if k <= 1 :
                return()
            else:
                            
                T.penup()
                T.setpos((j)* zoom, (i) * zoom)
                T.pendown()
                

                T.dot(k)
                k=k+2

k=10
n=7


verticalSaddle2(T,n,k)

def verticalSaddle3(T,n,k):
    for j in range(0,((n+1)//2)):
        
        for i in range(1,(n+1)//2):
         
            if k <= 1 :
                return()

            else:
                            
                T.penup()
                T.setpos((-j)* zoom, (i) * zoom)
                T.pendown()
                

                T.dot(k)
                k=k-2

        for i in range(((n+1)//2),n+1):
         
            if k <= 1 :
                return()
            else:
                            
                T.penup()
                T.setpos((-j)* zoom, (i) * zoom)
                T.pendown()
                

                T.dot(k)
                k=k+2
        
k=12
n=7
            
verticalSaddle3(T, n, k)

turtle.update()
turtle.done()

结果图像输出如下:

您的代码可以简化为只有一个绘制函数，可以在 -(n + 1)/2 范围内绘制 x (j)code> 到 (n + 1)/2.简化的代码是这里.

Your code can be simplified to have just one drawing function which draws x (j) in range from -(n + 1) / 2 to (n + 1) / 2. Simplified code is here .

使用非常短的代码可以进一步简化，如下所示:

It is possible to simplify even more to have very short code like next:

import turtle

T = turtle.Turtle()
turtle.tracer(0,0)
T.pensize(3)

zoom = 40 

def saddle(T, n, k):
    for j in range(-((n + 1) // 2) + 1, (n + 1) // 2):
        for i in range(1, n + 1):
            T.penup()
            T.setpos(j * zoom, i * zoom)
            T.pendown()
            T.dot(k - 2 * (min(i - 1, n - i) + (n + 1) // 2 - 1 - abs(j)))

saddle(T, 7, 16)

turtle.update()
turtle.done()

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