TypeScript 中是否有类似于“keyof"的“valueof"? [英] Is there a `valueof` similar to `keyof` in TypeScript?

问题描述

我希望能够将一个对象属性分配给一个给定键和值作为输入的值，但仍然能够确定值的类型.解释起来有点困难，所以这段代码应该可以揭示问题:

I want to be able to assign an object property to a value given a key and value as inputs yet still be able to determine the type of the value. It's a bit hard to explain so this code should reveal the problem:

type JWT = { id: string, token: string, expire: Date };
const obj: JWT = { id: 'abc123', token: 'tk01', expire: new Date(2018, 2, 14) };

function print(key: keyof JWT) {
    switch (key) {
        case 'id':
        case 'token':
            console.log(obj[key].toUpperCase());
            break;
        case 'expire':
            console.log(obj[key].toISOString());
            break;
    }
}

function onChange(key: keyof JWT, value: any) {
    switch (key) {
        case 'id':
        case 'token':
            obj[key] = value + ' (assigned)';
            break;
        case 'expire':
            obj[key] = value;
            break;
    }
}

print('id');
print('expire');
onChange('id', 'def456');
onChange('expire', new Date(2018, 3, 14));
print('id');
print('expire');

onChange('expire', 1337); // should fail here at compile time
print('expire'); // actually fails here at run time

我尝试将 value: any 更改为 value: valueof JWT 但这没有用.

I tried changing value: any to value: valueof JWT but that didn't work.

理想情况下，onChange('expire', 1337) 会失败，因为 1337 不是日期类型.

Ideally, onChange('expire', 1337) would fail because 1337 is not a Date type.

如何将 value: any 更改为给定键的值?

How can I change value: any to be the value of the given key?

推荐答案

UPDATE:看起来问题标题吸引了人们寻找所有可能的属性值类型的联合，类似于 keyof 给出的方式您是所有可能的属性键类型的联合.让我们先帮助那些人.您可以使用 索引访问类型，以 keyof T 作为键，如下所示:

UPDATE: Looks like the question title attracts people looking for a union of all possible property value types, analogous to the way keyof gives you the union of all possible property key types. Let's help those people first. You can make a ValueOf analogous to keyof, by using indexed access types with keyof T as the key, like so:

type ValueOf<T> = T[keyof T];

给你

type Foo = { a: string, b: number };
type ValueOfFoo = ValueOf<Foo>; // string | number

---

对于上述问题，您可以使用比 keyof T 更窄的单个键来提取您关心的值类型:

---

For the question as stated, you can use individual keys, narrower than keyof T, to extract just the value type you care about:

type sameAsString = Foo['a']; // look up a in Foo
type sameAsNumber = Foo['b']; // look up b in Foo

为了确保键/值对匹配"在函数中正确使用 generics 以及索引访问类型，像这样:

In order to make sure that the key/value pair "match up" properly in a function, you should use generics as well as indexed access types, like this:

declare function onChange<K extends keyof JWT>(key: K, value: JWT[K]): void; 
onChange('id', 'def456'); // okay
onChange('expire', new Date(2018, 3, 14)); // okay
onChange('expire', 1337); // error. 1337 not assignable to Date

这个想法是 key 参数允许编译器推断通用的 K 参数.然后它要求 value 匹配 JWT[K]，你需要的索引访问类型.

The idea is that the key parameter allows the compiler to infer the generic K parameter. Then it requires that value matches JWT[K], the indexed access type you need.

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