如何在没有 pip 或 virtualenv 的情况下安装 python 包 [英] How can I install a python package without pip or virtualenv

问题描述

我必须将一个 python 应用程序部署到我无法控制的生产服务器 (Ubuntu) 上，我也没有apt-get、pip、virtualenv、 等的权限.目前，它的服务器正在运行 python 2.6+.我需要安装 pycrypto 作为应用程序的依赖项，但鉴于我的权限有限，我不确定如何去做.我唯一有权做的就是 wget 一个资源并解压缩它或沿着这些路线进行的事情.

I have to deploy a python application to a production server (Ubuntu) that I do not control nor do I have permissions to apt-get, pip, virtualenv, etc. Currently, its the server is running python 2.6+. I need to install pycrypto as a dependency for the application but given my limited permissions, I'm not sure as to how to do it. The only think I have permissions to do is wget a resource and unpack it or things along those lines.

首先，是否可以在不通过上述方法安装的情况下使用它?如果没有，我可以下载这个包然后放入 pycrypto 目录中的 __init__.py 文件，这样 python 就知道如何像这样找到它:

First off, is it possible to use it without getting it installed in the aforementioned approach? If not, could I download the package then drop in __init__.py files in the pycrypto dir so python knows how to find it like so:

/my_app
  /pycrypto
     /__init__.py
     /pycrypto.py

推荐答案

根据 PEP370，从 python 2.6 开始，您可以拥有每个用户的站点目录(请参阅 Python 2.6 中有哪些新变化?).

According to PEP370, starting with python 2.6 you can have a per-user site directory (see the What's new in Python 2.6?).

因此您可以使用 easy_install 的 --user 选项为每个用户而不是系统范围安装目录.我相信 pip 也存在类似的选项.这不需要任何权限，因为它只使用当前用户目录.

So you can use the --user option of easy_install to install the directory for each user instead of system-wide. I believe a similar option exists for pip too. This doesn't require any privileges since it only uses current user directories.

如果您没有安装任何安装程序，您可以手动将软件包解压到:

If you don't have any installer installed you can manually unpack the package into:

~/.local/lib/python2.6/site-packages

或者，如果您使用的是 Windows，请进入:

Or, if you are on Windows, into:

%APPDATA%/Python/Python26/site-packages

<小时>

对于pycrypto，该包需要在安装前构建，因为它包含一些C 代码.源应该包含一个 setup.py 文件.您必须构建运行的库

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In the case of pycrypto, the package requires building before installation because it contains some C code. The sources should contain a setup.py file. You have to build the library running

python setup.py build

之后，您可以通过以下方式将其安装在用户目录中:

Afterwards you can install it in the user directory by giving:

python setup.py install --user

请注意，构建阶段可能需要安装一些 C 库.

Note that the building phase might require some C library to already be installed.

如果您不想这样做，only 选项是将库与您的应用程序一起发送.

If you don't want to do this, the only option is to ship the library together with your application.

顺便说一句:我相信 easy_install 在执行系统范围的安装之前并没有真正检查您是否是 root.它只是检查它是否可以写入系统范围的站点目录.因此，如果您确实有在那里编写的权限，那么首先就不需要使用 sudo.然而，这真的很奇怪......

By the way: I believe easy_install doesn't really check whether you are root before performing a system wide install. It simply checks whether it can write in the system-wide site directory. So, if you do have the privileges to write there, there's no need to use sudo in the first place. However this would be really odd...

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