UML 类图构造 [英] UML Class Diagram construction

问题描述

在使用以下信息绘制类图时遇到一些麻烦:

Having a bit of trouble coming with a class diagram using the following information:

• 一个人拥有零个或多个房屋.
• 抵押贷款有开始日期和结束日期.
• 抵押贷款有总额，包括每月还款额.
• 银行存储有关每个人的国民保险号和工资的信息，这些信息要求抵押房屋.
• 抵押属于一个人.
• 一所房子可以有零个或多个抵押贷款，但它只归一个人所有.
• 房屋具有价值，可作为相关联的银行担保抵押贷款.
• 一个人有零个或多个抵押贷款.

• 一个人可以申请抵押贷款来买房.

• A person owns zero or more houses.
• A mortgage has a start date and an end date.
• A mortgage has a total and consists of monthly payments.
• The bank stores information on the National Insurance Number and salary of each person, that request a mortage for a house.
• A mortgage belongs to one person.
• A house can have zero or more mortgages on it but it is owned by only one person.
• A house has a value and acts as a bank security for associated mortgages.
• A person has zero or more mortgages.

• A person may apply for a mortgage to buy a house.

         1   Owns    *              hasSecurity
 Person  ------------> House    <--------------- Bank
 -NINumber             -address          
 -salary               -value
 |
 | has
 |
 \/*
Mortgage
-startDate
-EndDate
-total
-monthlyPayments

有人能建议这是如何建模的.使用图表的示例将不胜感激.

Would someone be able to suggest how this is modeled. Examples using diagrams would be appreciated.

推荐答案

我认为您对所有这些信息感到困惑.

I think you are getting confused with all those information.

(1) 您可以从类图开始，确定哪些类交互，留下数量、属性和下一步的关系.

(1) You may start with class diagrams by identifying which classes interact, leaving quantities , properties, & relationships for the next steps.

像这样:

............................................
..+--------------+........+--------------+..
..|    Person    |........|   Mortage    |..
..+--------------+........+--------------+..
............................................
..+--------------+........+--------------+..
..|    House     |........|    Bank      |..
..+--------------+........+--------------+..
............................................
..+--------------+..........................
..|   Payment    |..........................
..+--------------+..........................
............................................

注意，这个不完整的图表还没有属性、关系、操作等.有一些点代表空白页.

Watch, that this incomplete diagram, doesn't have properties, relationships, operations, etc., yet. There are some dots that represent the blank page.

(2) 根据给定的信息，识别 &赋值，&每个实体或类的属性.

(2) From the given information, identify & assign values, & properties for each entity or class.

不要将表示内部值(Mortage.StartDate")的属性与表示与其他类或对象的关系的属性(房子可以有零个或多个抵押")混合在一起.

Do not mix those properties that represent an internal value ("Mortage.StartDate"), from properties that represent a relationship to other classes or objects ("A House can have Zero or More Mortages").

仅具有内部属性的类的示例可能是:

An example of a classs with only internal properties could be:

....................
..+--------------+..
..|   Mortage    |..
..+--------------+..
..|  StartDate   |..
..|  EndDate     |..
..|  Total       |..
..+--------------+..
....................

属性用一个项目符号列表表示，我们通常在每个属性前使用+"，后面你会看到它可以改变:

Properties are represented by a list of bullets, we commonly use "+" before each property, later, you see it can be changed:

.......................
..+-----------------+..
..|    Mortage      |..
..+-----------------+..
..| [+] StartDate   |..
..| [+] EndDate     |..
..| [+] Total       |..
..+-----------------+..
.......................

不要将项目上的+"与类角落上的+"混淆.

Do not confuse the "+" on the items, with the "+" on the corners of the classes.

有时，类可能会显示它的一些属性，或者根本不显示属性，即使有它.这可以用一个空白的部分框或一个带有 3 个点的框来表示:

Sometimes, classes may show some of its properties, or not properties at, all, even if the have it. This can be represented by a blank section box, or a box with 3 dots:

..................................................
..+-----------------+........+-----------------+..
..|    Mortage      |........|      House      |..
..+-----------------+........+-----------------+..
..|      ...        |........|                 |..
..+-----------------+........+-----------------+..
..................................................

具有代表其他对象或类的属性的类的示例，无论是链接、参考文献还是子部分:

An Example of a class with properties that represent other objects or classes, wheter links, or references, or subparts:

..................................................
..+-----------------+........+-----------------+..
..|    Mortage      |....+---+      House      |..
..+-----------------+....|...+-----------------+..
..| [+] Owner       +----+...|       ...       |..
..+-----------------+........+-----------------+..
..................................................

并且，表示具有这两种属性的类或对象，最好在不同的部分.

And, represent a class or object with both kind of properties, preferably in a different section.

....................................................
..+-----------------+........+-----------------+....
..|    Mortage      |........|     Person      |....
..+-----------------+........+-----------------+....
..| [+] StartDate   |........| [+] Salary      |....
..| [+] EndDate     |........|                 |....
..| [+] Total       |........|                 |....
..+-----------------+........+-----------------+....
..| [+] Owner       +----+...| [+] Houses      |....
..+-----------------+....|...+--------+--------+....
.........................|............|.............
.........................|............|.............
.........................|............|.............
.........................|...+--------+--------+....
.........................|...|      House      |....
.........................|...+-----------------+....
.........................|...|                 |....
.........................+---+      ...        |....
.............................|                 |....
.............................+-----------------+....
.............................| [+] Owner       |....
.............................| [+] Mortages    |....
.............................+-----------------+....
....................................................

请注意，还有几种类型的关系，用箭头、三角形、菱形表示，让我们暂时跳过这一点，只使用一条线，表示 2 个类之间存在某种关系".

Note, also that there are several types of relationships, represented with arrows, triangles, diamonds, lets skip this for a moment, and use just a line, that represents that "there some kind of relationship" between 2 classes.

(3) 有一次，你已经确定了基本属性之间的区别表示关系的属性，您可以描述图表中的所有关系.

(3) Once, you have identify the difference between basic properties & properties that represent relationships, you may describe all relationships in your diagram.

............................................
..+--------------+........+--------------+..
..|   Payment    |........|    Person    |..
..+--------------+........+--------------+..
..| [+] Mortage  |........| [+] Houses   |..
..|              |........|              |..
..|              |........|              |..
..+------+-------+........+-------+------+..
.........|........................|.........
.........|........................|.........
.........|........................|.........
..+------+-------+........+-------+------+..
..|   Mortage    |........|    House     |..
..+--------------+........+--------------+..
..| [+] Owner    |........| [+] Owner    |..
..| [+] House    +--------+              |..
..|              |........|              |..
..+-------+------+........+--------------+..
..........|.................................
..........|.................................
..........|.................................
..+-------+------+..........................
..|     Bank     |..........................
..+--------------+..........................
..| [+] Debtors  |..........................
..+--------------+..........................
............................................

注意有一些关系，是间接的，比如一个人按月还款给抵押，但与人的还款关系不是直接显示的，而是通过抵押来显示的.

Note that there are some relationship, that are indirect, example, a monthly payment is performed to a mortage by a person, yet the payment relationship to the person, is not displayed directly, instead, its displayed thru the mortage.

(4) 在 UML 中，类之间有多种关系.一些关系，必须与对象创建有关.

(4) There are several kinds of relationships among classes, in UML. Some relationships, have to due with object creation.

(5) 也有独立于其他对象存在的对象，以及对象存在依赖于另一个对象的场景.而且，这构成了 2 种不同类型的对象.

(5) There also objects where exist independently of others, and, scenarios where an object existance depends on another object. And, that makes 2 different kind of objects.

例如，付款取决于抵押贷款的存在.无论是否有业主、业主银行或抵押贷款，房子都存在.无论是房屋抵押贷款还是债务人，银行都存在.

For example, Payments depends on the existance of a Mortage. A House exist wheter there is a Owner Person, or a Owner Bank, or It has Mortages. A Bank existe wheter there is a Mortage to a House, or a Debtor.

当一个对象或类依赖于另一个类时，它的关系称为组合"，用一个实心菱形表示，在关系箭头的边缘，主类在那里.

When an object or class depends on another class, its relationship is called "Composition", and its represented by a filled diamond, at the edge of the relationship arrow, where the main class if.

....................
..+--------------+..
..|   Payment    |..
..+--------------+..
..| [+] Mortage  |..
..|              |..
..|              |..
..+------+-------+..
.........|..........
.........|..........
.........|..........
.........^..........
........<*>.........
..+------v-------+..
..|   Mortage    |..
..+--------------+..
..|     ...      |..
..+--------------+..
....................

(6) 如果一个对象与另一个对象分开存在，但是存在某种关联，称为聚合"，其表示类似，但是，带有未填充的空菱形，而不是.

(6) In cases, where an object exist separatelly from another object, but, there is some kind of association, Its called an "Aggregation", and its represented similar, but, with an non-filled empty diamond, instead.

....................
..+--------------+..
..|    Person    |..
..+--------------+..
..| [+] Houses   |..
..+------^-------+..
........< >.........
.........v..........
.........|..........
.........|..........
.........|..........
..+------+-------+..
..|    House     |..
..+--------------+..
..|     ...      |..
..+--------------+..
....................

(7) 在关系中，应用了数量.多"的概念，通常用星号*"显示.

(7) In relationships, quantities are applied. The "many" concept, is usually displayed with an asterisk "*".

这个图表，带有数量可能是这样的:

This diagram, with quantites may be like:

............................................
..+--------------+........+--------------+..
..|   Payment    |........|    Person    |..
..+--------------+........+--------------+..
..| [+] MonthNo  |........|              |..
..+--------------+........|              |..
..| [+] Mortage  |........| [+] Houses   |..
..|              |........|              |..
..+------+-------+........+-------^------+..
.........|..12...................< >.1......
.........|........................v.........
.........|........................|.........
.........^ .......................|.........
........< >.1.....................|..*......
..+------v-------+........+-------+------+..
..|   Mortage    |........|    House     |..
..+--------------+........+--------------+..
..| [+] Ammount  |........| [+] Address  |..
..+--------------+........+--------------+..
..| [+] Owner    |.*...1.^| [+] Owner    |..
..| [+] House    +------< >              |..
..|              |.......v|              |..
..+-------+------+........+--------------+..
..........|..*..............................
..........|.................................
..........|.................................
..........^.................................
.........< >.1..............................
..+-------v------+..........................
..|     Bank     |..........................
..+--------------+..........................
..| [+] Debtors  |..........................
..| [+] Mortages |..........................
..+--------------+..........................
............................................

(8) 还有其他适用于 Class & 的概念.对象图，如继承关系.或者，添加其他类，例如请求"类.让我们暂时跳过它.

(8) There are other concepts that apply to Class & Object Diagrams, like Inheritance Relationships. Or, add other classes, such a "Request" class. Lets skip it for now.

一个可能的最终类图可能是:

A possible final class diagram could be:

...............................................
..+----------------+........+---------------+..
..|    Payment     |........|    Person     |..
..+----------------+........+---------------+..
..| [+] MonthNo    |........| [+] FirstName |..
..| [+] Ammount    |........| [+] LastName  |..
..+----------------+........| [+] NINNo     |..
..| [+] Mortage    |........| [+] Salary    |..
..|                |........+---------------+..
..|                |........| [+] Houses    |..
..|                |........|               |..
..+-------+--------+........+-------^-------+..
..........|..12....................< >.1.......
..........|.........................v..........
..........|.........................|..........
..........^ ........................|..........
.........< >.1......................|..*.......
..+-------v--------+........+-------+-------+..
..|   Mortage      |........|     House     |..
..+----------------+........+---------------+..
..| [+] StartDate  |........| [+] Address   |..
..| [+] FinishDate |........| [+] Value     |..
..| [+] Total      |........|               |..
..+----------------+........+---------------+..
..| [+] Owner      |.*...1.^| [+] Owner     |..
..| [+] House      +------< >               |..
..+-------+--------+.......v+---------------+..
..........|..*................................
..........|...................................
..........|...................................
..........^...................................
.........< >.1................................
..+-------v------+............................
..|     Bank     |............................
..+--------------+............................
..| [+] Name     |............................
..+--------------+............................
..| [+] Debtors  |............................
..| [+] Mortages |............................
..+--------------+............................
..............................................

干杯.

[别忘了为小猫打开金枪鱼罐头]

[Don't forget to open a tuna can for the kitty]

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