如何在 PHP 中对具有依赖项的方法进行单元测试? [英] How to unit test a method with dependencies in PHP?

问题描述

我有一个包含一些逻辑的方法，但我不确定如何对其进行单元测试.因为它是此特定方法的单元测试，所以它应该在不连接到数据库的情况下运行.我阅读了关于存根和模型的文章，但我找不到将它们应用于这种情况的方法.

我想强制 Client:GetClient 返回具有正确属性的客户端对象，以便我可以测试每个逻辑分支.

<前><代码>类客户端类型{函数 GetClientType($id) {$objClient = Client::GetClient($id);如果($objClient->返回== 1){return '返回';}别的 {返回正常"；}}

这是我想到的测试

<前><代码>类 ResourceTest 扩展 PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {函数 testGetClientType() {$objClientType = new ClientType();$this->assertTrue($objClientType->GetClientType(100), 'normal');}}

问题是依赖$objClient = Client::GetClient($id);GetClient 将从数据库中拉出一个客户端，但我需要用 Stub 替换它，以便单元测试在没有真正访问数据库的情况下工作.

结论

如果你有像上面那样的代码:重构它并使用依赖注入.

如果您有遗留代码或只是不想重构，请尝试以下解决方案:http://sebastian-bergmann.de/archives/885-Stubbing-Hard-Coded-Dependencies.html

解决方案

With PHPUnit 你可以做

 $class = $this->getMockClass('Client',/* 要模拟的类名 */array('getClient')/* 模拟方法列表 */);$class::staticExpects($this->any())->方法('getClient')->will($this->returnValue('foo'));

通常，您希望避免使用静态方法:

• http://sebastian-bergmann.de/archives/883-Stubbing-and-Mocking-Static-Methods.html
• https://kore-nordmann.de/blog/0103_static_thinked_harmful.html

<小时>

更新后编辑

PHPUnit 还可以存根硬编码的依赖项.见

• Stubing Hard-Coded Dependencies 作者:Sebastian Bergmann

但是，由于您现在已经注意到测试静态和硬编码依赖项是一个痛苦的过程，我建议您使用注入到 ClientType 中的真实对象来删除硬编码依赖项和静态调用.

另一种选择是使用 http://antecedent.github.io/patchwork(不是隶属于它)，其中

<块引用>

是一个 PHP 库，可以重新定义用户定义的函数和方法在运行时，在纯 PHP 5.3 代码中松散地复制功能 runkit_function_redefine，其中，它使您能够用测试替身替换静态和私有方法.

I have a method with some logic in it and I'm not sure how to unit test it. Because it's a unit test for this specific method it should run without connecting to the database. I read about stubs and mockups but I can't find a way to apply them to this situation.

I would like to force the Client:GetClient to return the client object with the right properties so I can test each logic branch.

class ClientType {
    function GetClientType($id) {

    $objClient = Client::GetClient($id);

    if ($objClient->Returning == 1) {
        return 'returning';
    }
    else {
        return 'normal';
    }
    }

This is the test I had in mind

class ResourceTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
    function testGetClientType() {
        $objClientType = new ClientType();
        $this->assertTrue($objClientType->GetClientType(100), 'normal');
    }
}

The problem is the dependency $objClient = Client::GetClient($id); The GetClient will pull a client from database but I need to replace this with a Stub so the unit tests work without real access to the database.

Conclusion

If you have code like the one presented: refactor it and use Dependency Injection.

If you have legacy code or just don't want to refactor try this solution: http://sebastian-bergmann.de/archives/885-Stubbing-Hard-Coded-Dependencies.html

解决方案

With PHPUnit you can do

  $class = $this->getMockClass(
      'Client',          /* name of class to mock     */
      array('getClient') /* list of methods to mock   */
    );
    $class::staticExpects($this->any())
          ->method('getClient')
          ->will($this->returnValue('foo'));

In general, you want to avoid static methods though:

• http://sebastian-bergmann.de/archives/883-Stubbing-and-Mocking-Static-Methods.html
• https://kore-nordmann.de/blog/0103_static_considered_harmful.html

---

EDIT after update

PHPUnit can also stub hardcoded dependencies. See

• Stubbing Hard-Coded Dependencies by Sebastian Bergmann

However, since you already noticed by now that it is a Pain the Behind to test statics and hardcoded dependencies, I suggest you remove the hardcoded dependency and static call with a real object that you inject into your ClientType instead.

Another option would be to use http://antecedent.github.io/patchwork (not affiliated with it), which

is a PHP library that makes it possible to redefine user-defined functions and methods at runtime, loosely replicating the functionality runkit_function_redefine in pure PHP 5.3 code, which, among other things, enables you to replace static and private methods with test doubles.

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