将 URL 分解/解析为其在 php 中的组成部分 [英] Break up/parse a URL into its constituent parts in php
问题描述
将 URL 解析为其对应路径的最佳方法是什么,例如
What is the best way to parse a URL into its corresponding paths, such that
https://www.example.com/path/to/directory/file.jpeg?param1=foo¶m2=bar
结果为数组保存
Array(
["scheme"] => "https",
["host"] => www.example.com
["directory"] => "path/to/directory"
["filename"] => "file"
["extension] => "jpeg"
["path"] => "path/to/directory/file.jpeg",
["file"] => "file.jpeg"
["params"] => Array(
["param1"] => "foo",
["param2"] => "bar"
)
)
注意:键不需要这样命名,它们只是一个例子.
Note: The keys do not need to be named like this, they are just an example.
我已经研究了 parse_url,但它没有足够细粒度地分割路径,因此进一步的手动处理似乎是不可避免的.
I have looked into parse_url, but it doesn't split up the path fine grained enough, so further manual processing seems inevitable.
旁注:我研究了 非常 很多
Sidenote: I have looked into very many multiple questions and answers, but I can't find any definite reference, thus my question.
推荐答案
最好的方法是结合多个内置 php 函数的努力,例如 parse_url(用于基本 url 部分),parse_str(用于查询参数)和 pathinfo(用于目录、文件名和扩展名部分).
The best way is to combine the efforts of multiple builtin php functions such as parse_url (for the basic url parts), parse_str (for the query parameters) and pathinfo (for the directory, filename and extension parts).
parse_url 将解析 url 并将其拆分为包含以下键的关联数组(如果它们存在于 url 中):
parse_url will parse the url and split it up into an associative array containing the following keys (if they are present in the url):
- 方案(http、https、ftp、...)
- 主机 (www.example.com)
- 端口
- 用户
- 通过
- 路径(这需要进一步处理)
- 查询(这将需要进一步处理)
- fragment(锚点/hashbang 部分,hash 标记之后的任何内容)
parse_str 可用于将 parse_url 中的 query
部分解析为多维(如果需要)关联数组.
parse_str can be used to parse the query
part from parse_url into a multidimensional (if needed) associative array.
pathinfo 可用于将 parse_url 中的 path
部分解析为包含以下键的关联数组:
pathinfo can be used to parse the path
part from parse_url into an associative array which can contain the following keys:
[dirname] => /path/to/directory
[basename] => file.jpeg
[extension] => jpeg
[filename] => file
把它们放在一起
function decompose_url($url) {
$parts = parse_url($url);
if (!$parts) {
# For seriously malformed urls
return false;
}
# Just for good measure, throw in the top level domain, if there is a host with a top level domain
if (array_key_exists('host', $parts) && strrpos($parts['host'], '.') !== false) {
$domain_parts = explode('.', $parts['host']);
$parts['tld'] = end($domain_parts);
}
if (array_key_exists('path', $parts)) {
$pathinfo = pathinfo($parts['path']);
if (empty($pathinfo['basename'])) {
# With an empty basename, extension and filename will also be empty
unset($pathinfo['basename']);
unset($pathinfo['extension']);
unset($pathinfo['filename']);
}
$parts = array_merge($parts, $pathinfo);
}
if (array_key_exists('query', $parts)) {
parse_str($parts['query'], $query_parts);
$parts['query_parts'] = $query_parts;
}
return $parts;
}
测试一下
$urls = [
'http://www.example.com/',
'http://www.example.com',
'http://www.example.com/test/.jpg',
'http://www.example.com/test/.'
'https://anonymous:dCU7egW1A1L0a6pxU3qu9@www.example.com:8080/path/to/directory/file.jpeg?param1=foo¶m2=bar¶m3[1]=abc¶m3[2]=def#anchor',
'ftp://anonymous@ftp.example.com/pub/test.jpg',
'file:///home/user/.config/test.config',
'chrome://settings/passwords',
];
foreach ($urls as $url) {
echo $url, PHP_EOL;
var_export(decompose_url($url));
echo PHP_EOL, PHP_EOL;
}
将产生这些相应的结果:
will yield these corresponding results:
http://www.example.com/
array (
'scheme' => 'http',
'host' => 'www.example.com',
'path' => '/',
'tld' => 'com',
'dirname' => '/',
)
http://www.example.com
array (
'scheme' => 'http',
'host' => 'www.example.com',
'tld' => 'com',
)
http://www.example.com/test/.jpg
array (
'scheme' => 'http',
'host' => 'www.example.com',
'path' => '/test/.jpg',
'tld' => 'com',
'dirname' => '/test',
'basename' => '.jpg',
'extension' => 'jpg',
'filename' => '',
)
http://www.example.com/test/.
array (
'scheme' => 'http',
'host' => 'www.example.com',
'path' => '/test/.',
'tld' => 'com',
'dirname' => '/test',
'basename' => '.',
'extension' => '',
'filename' => '',
)
https://anonymous:dCU7egW1A1L0a6pxU3qu9@www.example.com:8080/path/to/directory/file.jpeg?param1=foo¶m2=bar¶m3[1]=abc¶m3[2]=def#anchor
array (
'scheme' => 'https',
'host' => 'www.example.com',
'port' => 8080,
'user' => 'anonymous',
'pass' => 'dCU7egW1A1L0a6pxU3qu9',
'path' => '/path/to/directory/file.jpeg',
'query' => 'param1=foo¶m2=bar¶m3[1]=abc¶m3[2]=def',
'fragment' => 'anchor',
'tld' => 'com',
'dirname' => '/path/to/directory',
'basename' => 'file.jpeg',
'extension' => 'jpeg',
'filename' => 'file',
'query_parts' =>
array (
'param1' => 'foo',
'param2' => 'bar',
'param3' =>
array (
1 => 'abc',
2 => 'def',
),
),
)
ftp://anonymous@ftp.example.com/pub/test.jpg
array (
'scheme' => 'ftp',
'host' => 'ftp.example.com',
'user' => 'anonymous',
'path' => '/pub/test.jpg',
'tld' => 'com',
'dirname' => '/pub',
'basename' => 'test.jpg',
'extension' => 'jpg',
'filename' => 'test',
)
file:///home/user/.config/test.config
array (
'scheme' => 'file',
'path' => '/home/user/.config/test.config',
'dirname' => '/home/user/.config',
'basename' => 'test.config',
'extension' => 'config',
'filename' => 'test',
)
chrome://settings/passwords
array (
'scheme' => 'chrome',
'host' => 'settings',
'path' => '/passwords',
'dirname' => '/',
'basename' => 'passwords',
'filename' => 'passwords',
)
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