如何在 VBScript 中创建 UTF-16 文件? [英] How to create UTF-16 file in VBScript?

问题描述

我的系统是 Window 10 English-US.我需要将一些不可打印的 ASCII 字符写入文本文件.因此，例如对于 28 的 ASCII 值，我想将 \u001Cw 写入文件.在用 Java 编码时，我不需要做任何特别的事情.下面是我在 VBS 中的代码

My system is Window 10 English-US. I need to write some non-printable ASCII characters to a text file. So for eg for the ASCII value of 28, I want to write \u001Cw to the file. I don't have to do anything special when coded in Java. Below is my code in VBS

Dim objStream
Set objStream = CreateObject("ADODB.Stream")
objStream.Open
objStream.Type = 2
objStream.Position = 0
objStream.CharSet = "utf-16"

objStream.WriteText ChrW(28)  'Need this to appear as \u001Cw in the output file

objStream.SaveToFile "C:\temp\test.txt", 2
objStream.Close

推荐答案

您需要一个读写流，以便写入它并将其保存到文件中.

You need a read-write stream so that writing to it and saving it to file both work.

Const adModeReadWrite = 3
Const adTypeText = 2
Const adSaveCreateOverWrite = 2

Sub SaveToFile(text, filename)
  With CreateObject("ADODB.Stream")
    .Mode = adModeReadWrite
    .Type = adTypeText
    .Charset = "UTF-16"
    .Open
    .WriteText text
    .SaveToFile filename, adSaveCreateOverWrite
    .Close
  End With
End Sub


text = Chr(28) & "Hello" & Chr(28)
SaveToFile text, "C:\temp\test.txt"

其他注意事项:

• 我喜欢用 Const 明确定义代码中的所有常量.让阅读变得如此轻松.
• 一个 With 块在这里节省了很多输入.
• 将流类型设置为 adTypeText 并不是真正必要的，无论如何这是默认设置.但我想，显式优于隐式.
• 在新流上将 Position 设置为 0 是多余的.
• 没有必要对 ASCII 范围字符使用 ChrW().当您将流保存到文件时，流的 Charset 决定了字节宽度.在 RAM 中，无论如何都是 Unicode(是的，即使在 VBScript 中).
• ADODB.Stream 支持两种 UTF-16 编码:little-endian UTF-16LE(这是默认值，与 UTF-16 同义)和 big-endian UTF-16BE，字节顺序颠倒.

• I like to explicitly define with Const all the constants in the code. Makes reading so much easier.
• A With block save quite some typing here.
• Setting the stream type to adTypeText is not really necessary, that's the default anyway. But explicit is better than implicit, I guess.
• Setting the Position to 0 on a new stream is superfluous.
• It's unnecessary to use ChrW() for ASCII-range characters. The stream's Charset decides the byte width when you save the stream to file. In RAM, everything is Unicode anyway (yes, even in VBScript).
• There are two UTF-16 encodings supported by ADODB.Stream: little-endian UTF-16LE (which is the default and synonymous with UTF-16) and big-endian UTF-16BE, with the byte order reversed.

您可以使用 FileSystemObject 及其 CreateTextFile() 方法:

You can achieve the same result with the FileSystemObject and its CreateTextFile() method:

Set FSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

Sub SaveToFile(text, filename)
  ' CreateTextFile(filename [, Overwrite [, Unicode]])
  With FSO.CreateTextFile(filename, True, True)
    .Write text
    .Close
  End With
End Sub


text = Chr(28) & "Hello" & Chr(28)
SaveToFile text, "C:\temp\test.txt"

这有点简单，但它只提供了一个布尔 Unicode 参数，它在 UTF-16 和 ANSI 之间切换(不是 ASCII，因为文档错误地声称！).ADODB.Stream 的解决方案为您提供了细粒度的编码选择，例如 UTF-8，这在 FileSystemObject 中是不可能的.

This is a little bit simpler, but it only offers a Boolean Unicode parameter, which switches between UTF-16 and ANSI (not ASCII, as the documentation incorrectly claims!). The solution with ADODB.Stream gives you fine-grained encoding choices, for example UTF-8, which is impossible with the FileSystemObject.

为了记录，有两种方法可以创建 UTF-8 编码的文本文件:

For the record, there are two ways to create an UTF-8-encoded text file:

• Microsoft 喜欢采用的方式，在文件开头使用 3 字节长的字节顺序标记 (BOM).大多数(如果不是所有)Microsoft 工具在提供UTF-8"作为选项时都会这样做，ADODB.Stream 也不例外.
• 其他人的做法 - 没有 BOM.这对于大多数用途都是正确的.

要创建带有 BOM 的 UTF-8 文件，可以使用上面的第一个代码示例.要创建 没有 BOM 的 UTF-8 文件，我们可以使用两个流对象:

To create an UTF-8 file with BOM, the first code sample above can be used. To create an UTF-8 file without BOM, we can use two stream objects:

Const adModeReadWrite = 3
Const adTypeBinary = 1
Const adTypeText = 2
Const adSaveCreateOverWrite = 2

Sub SaveToFile(text, filename)
  Dim iStr: Set iStr = CreateObject("ADODB.Stream")
  Dim oStr: Set oStr = CreateObject("ADODB.Stream")

  ' one stream for converting the text to UTF-8 bytes
  iStr.Mode = adModeReadWrite
  iStr.Type = adTypeText
  iStr.Charset = "UTF-8"
  iStr.Open
  iStr.WriteText text

  ' one steam to write bytes to a file
  oStr.Mode = adModeReadWrite
  oStr.Type = adTypeBinary
  oStr.Open

  ' switch first stream to binary mode and skip UTF-8 BOM
  iStr.Position = 0
  iStr.Type = adTypeBinary
  iStr.Position = 3

  ' write remaining bytes to file and clean up
  oStr.Write iStr.Read
  oStr.SaveToFile filename, adSaveCreateOverWrite
  oStr.Close
  iStr.Close
End Sub

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