Windows 10 无法识别可在 WINE 中运行的手工 PE 可执行文件 [英] Windows 10 won't recognize hand-made PE executables that work in WINE
本文介绍了Windows 10 无法识别可在 WINE 中运行的手工 PE 可执行文件的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
我已经为 x86-64 制作了(在汇编器中，没有链接器)一个 EXE，它在 Linux 下的 Wine 中运行得非常好.这是一个调用 MessageBoxA 和 ExitProcess 的基本 HelloWorld.
I have made (in assembler, without a linker) an EXE for x86-64 that runs perfectly well in Wine under Linux. It's a basic HelloWorld that calls MessageBoxA and ExitProcess.
Windows 10 无法识别它，并说此程序无法在您的计算机上执行，请与您的供应商联系以获取适合您计算机的版本".
Windows 10 won't recognize it, saying 'This program cannot be executed on your computer, talk to your vendor for a version that will suit your computer'.
我使用 PE 格式阅读器(PE 工具和 CFF Explorer)来分析我的 PE EXE.PE Optional 标头中的所有数字与其他工作 EXE(如操作系统版本、子系统版本)中的相同.只有特定于我的文件和部分的那些是不同的.而且 Windows 不会将该文件识别为我的计算机上的可执行文件.
I have used PE format readers (PE Tools and CFF Explorer) to analyze my PE EXE. All numbers in the PE Optional header are the same as in other working EXEs (like os versions, subsystem versions). Only the ones that are specific to my file and sections are different. And Windows won't recognize the file as executable on my computer.
除了 WINdows 错误消息，我还能从哪里开始看?是否有任何工具可以通过比Bad exe"更具体的错误消息来检查 EXE 的有效性?(这是 xdbg 报告的内容.
Where do I even begin to look beyond the WIndows error message? Are there any tools that allow to check EXE validity with a more specific error messaging than 'Bad exe'? (this is what xdbg reports.
在 Wine 上，我能够做到WINEDEBUG=+all wine my.exe这让我暗示出了什么问题，我能够修复它并使其正常工作.Windows 中有这样的工具吗?
On Wine, I was able to do
WINEDEBUG=+all wine my.exe
and that gave me hints into what was wrong, and I was able to fix it and get it to work. Any such tools in Windows?
BITS 64
falign equ 1000h ; section file position modulo
imageBase equ 400000h
; MZ header
DOSHDR:
db 0x4D, 0x5A, 0x90, 0,
dd 3, 4, 0xFFFF, 0xB8, 0, 0x40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
dd PEHDR
db 0x0E, 0x1F, 0xBA, 0x0E, 0x00, 0xB4, 0x09, 0xCD, 0x21, 0xB8, 0x01, 0x4C, 0xCD, 0x21, 0x54, 0x68, 0x69, 0x73, 0x20, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6F, 0x67, 0x72, 0x61, 0x6D, 0x20, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x6E, 0x6F, 0x74, 0x20, 0x62, 0x65, 0x20, 0x72, 0x75, 0x6E, 0x20, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x20, 0x44, 0x4F, 0x53, 0x20, 0x6D, 0x6F, 0x64, 0x65, 0x2E, 0x0D, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
ALIGN falign, db 33h
doshdrSize equ $ - DOSHDR
MetaM: ; MetaBlk for module M
msg db "Hello, Ann!", 0
title db "Hello, Anna!", 0
titlew dw 42Fh, 44Ah, 0
msgw dw 416h, 42Bh, 0
title2w dw 44Ah, 42Fh, 0
ALIGN 8, db 0FEh
MessageBoxA dq 0
MessageBoxW dq 0
ExitProcess dq 0
MessageBoxW0 dq 0 ; a duplicate entry for User32.MessageBoxW
ALIGN falign, db 11h
metamSize equ $ - MetaM
CodeM:
BEGIN:
ENTRY:
sub rsp, 28h
mov rcx, 0 ; hWnd = HWND_DESKTOP
lea rdx, [imageBase + msg] ; LPCSTR lpText
lea r8, [imageBase + title] ; LPCSTR lpCaption
mov r9d, 0 ; uType = MB_OK
mov rax, [imageBase + MessageBoxA]
call rax
mov rcx, 0 ; hWnd = HWND_DESKTOP
lea rdx, [imageBase + msgw] ; LPCSTR lpText
lea r8, [imageBase + titlew] ; LPCSTR lpCaption
mov r9d, 0 ; uType = MB_OK
call [imageBase + MessageBoxW]
mov rcx, 0 ; hWnd = HWND_DESKTOP
lea rdx, [imageBase + msgw] ; LPCSTR lpText
lea r8, [imageBase + title2w] ; LPCSTR lpCaption
mov r9d, 0 ; uType = MB_OK
call [imageBase + MessageBoxW0]
mov ecx, eax
call [imageBase + ExitProcess]
END:
ALIGN falign, db 0AAh
codemSize equ $ - CodeM
IMPORTS:
; DLL names - iterate modules
user32dll db "USER32.DLL", 0
kernel32dll db "KERNEL32.DLL", 0
; Hint/Name entry - iterate externals
MessageBoxA_:
dq MessageBoxA__
dq 0
MessageBoxA__ db 0, 0, "MessageBoxA", 0,
ExitProcess_ dq ExitProcess__
dq 0
ExitProcess__ db 0, 0, "ExitProcess", 0, 1
MessageBoxW_:
dq MessageBoxW__
dq 0
MessageBoxW__ db 0, 0, "MessageBoxW", 0
ImportsDir:
; So this is the Directory, with one entry NOT for every imported DLL,
; but rather one entry for every use of an external name by a CP module
; that is, if a name is used in N modules, it will have N entries in the directory
dd MessageBoxA_, 0, 0, user32dll, MessageBoxA
dd ExitProcess_, 0, 0, kernel32dll, ExitProcess
dd MessageBoxW_, 0, 0, user32dll, MessageBoxW0
dd MessageBoxW_, 0, 0, user32dll, MessageBoxW
dd 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
directorySize equ $ - ImportsDir
importsSize equ $ - IMPORTS
PEHDR:
db "PE", 0, 0 ; signature
dw 8664h ; machine
dw 3 ; # of sections
dd 0 ; timedatestamp
dd 0 ; pointer to symtab - deprecated
dd 0 ; # symtab entries
dw opthdrSize ; size of optional header
dw 203h ; flags - characteristics
OPTHDR:
dw 20Bh ; magic
db 0 ; maj linker ver
db 1 ; minor linker ver
dd codemSize ; total code size
dd metamSize ; total init data size
dd 0 ; total uninit data size
dd ENTRY ; entrypoint RVA
dd ENTRY ; base of code
dq imageBase ; image base
dd 1000h ; section address alignment
dd falign ; section pos alignment
dw 5 ; major OS version
dw 2 ; minor OS version
dw 0 ; major image ver
dw 1 ; minor image ver
dw 5 ; major subsystem ver
dw 2 ; minor subsystem ver
dd 0 ; win32 version value = 0
dd fileSize ; size of image - that is, in memory!
dd ((doshdrSize + pehdrSize) + falign - 1) / falign * falign
; size of headers
dd 0 ; checksum
dw 2 ; subsystem: GUI = 2, CUI =3, NATIVE = 1
dw 0 ; dll characteristics
dq 1000000h ; max stack
dq 1000h ; min stack
dq 1000000h ; max heap
dq 1000h ; min heap
dd 0 ; loader flag = 0
; Directories
dd 2 ; number of directories
; export table hdr
dd 0, 0
; import table hdr
dd ImportsDir ; addr of import table
dd directorySize ; size of import table
;times 14 dq 0 ; end of directories
opthdrSize equ $ - OPTHDR
pehdrSize equ $ - PEHDR
Sections:
; MetaM
db "F", 0, 0, 0, 0 ; null name
dd metamSize ; size
dd MetaM ; addr RVA
dd metamSize ; length
dd MetaM ; pos
dd 0 ; no relocations
dd 0 ; no linenum
dw 0
dw 0
dd 0C0000040h ; flags: datasection writeable readable
; CodeM
db "W", 0 ; null name
dd codemSize ; size
dd CodeM ; addr RVA
dd codemSize ; length
dd CodeM ; pos
dd 0 ; no relocations
dd 0 ; no linenum
dw 0
dw 0
dd 0E0000020h ; flags: codesection writeable readable executable
; IMPORTS
db ".idata", 0, 0
dd importsSize ; size
dd IMPORTS ; addr RVA
dd importsSize ; length
dd IMPORTS ; pos
dd 0 ; no relocations
dd 0 ; no linenum
dw 0
dw 0
dd 0E0000020h ; flags: codesection writeable readable executable
fileSize equ $
;END:
推荐答案
这里有很多问题.你说这段代码在 wine 上运行的事实表明 wine 非常 宽容.视窗?没那么多.
There are a number of issues here. The fact that you say this code runs on wine suggests that wine is very forgiving. Windows? Not so much.
首先，这是我正在使用的构建命令(基于上面 OP 的原始代码):nasm.exe org.asm -o org.exe
To start with, here's the build command I'm using (based on OP's original code above): nasm.exe org.asm -o org.exe
对 org.exe 使用 dumpbin(来自 VS2019)给我们:
Using dumpbin (from VS2019) against org.exe gives us:
File Type: EXECUTABLE IMAGE
org.exe : fatal error LNK1107: invalid or corrupt file: cannot read at 0x31DE
不是一个有希望的开始.我做的第一件事(有所作为)是在 Sections:
Not a promising beginning. The first thing I did (that made a difference) was to change this code down in Sections:
; MetaM
db "F", 0, 0, 0, 0 ; null name
...
; CodeM
db "W", 0 ; null name
根据规范，这些应该是 8 个字节长，而不仅仅是空终止字符串.改变了这些，现在 dumpbin 给了我:
By spec, these are supposed to be 8 bytes long, not just null terminated strings. Changed these and now dumpbin gives me:
File Type: EXECUTABLE IMAGE
Summary
1000 .idata
1000 CodeM
1000 MetaM
更好.我的下一步是 dumpbin/headers a.exe，它给了我:
Better. My next step was dumpbin /headers a.exe, which gave me:
LINK : fatal error LNK1000: Internal error during ReadOptionalHeader
这是通过取消注释目录下的行来解决的:times 14 dq 0.
This was fixed by uncommenting the line under directories: times 14 dq 0.
我不会发布整个 dumpbin 输出，但可以说它现在显示了所有部分的标题.
I won't post the entire dumpbin output, but suffice to say that it now shows the headers for all the sections.
接下来是查看dumpbin/imports a.exe.不是将每个 dll 的所有导入分组，而是在此处为每个导入分配了自己的部分.那不可能是对的.所以我修复了 iData 部分.我也修复了对齐问题.可能还有很多需要修复，但至少现在它可以运行:
Next thing was to look at dumpbin /imports a.exe. Instead of grouping all the imports for each dll, every import was given its own section here. That can't be right. So I fixed the iData section. There was a problem with alignment that I fixed too. There's probably a dozen other things that need fixing, but at least now it runs:
BITS 64
falign equ 200h ; section file position modulo
imageBase equ 400000h
; MZ header
DOSHDR:
db 0x4D, 0x5A, 0x90, 0,
dd 3, 4, 0xFFFF, 0xB8, 0, 0x40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
dd PEHDR
db 0x0E, 0x1F, 0xBA, 0x0E, 0x00, 0xB4, 0x09, 0xCD, 0x21, 0xB8, 0x01, 0x4C, 0xCD, 0x21, 0x54, 0x68, 0x69, 0x73, 0x20, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6F, 0x67, 0x72, 0x61, 0x6D, 0x20, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x6E, 0x6F, 0x74, 0x20, 0x62, 0x65, 0x20, 0x72, 0x75, 0x6E, 0x20, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x20, 0x44, 0x4F, 0x53, 0x20, 0x6D, 0x6F, 0x64, 0x65, 0x2E, 0x0D, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
ALIGN falign, db 33h
doshdrSize equ $ - DOSHDR
MetaM: ; MetaBlk for module M
msg db "Hello, Ann!", 0
title db "Hello, Anna!", 0
titlew dw 42Fh, 44Ah, 0
msgw dw 416h, 42Bh, 0
title2w dw 44Ah, 42Fh, 0
ALIGN 8, db 0FEh
ALIGN falign, db 11h
metamSize equ $ - MetaM
CodeM:
BEGIN:
ENTRY:
sub rsp, 28h
mov rcx, 0 ; hWnd = HWND_DESKTOP
lea rdx, [imageBase + msg] ; LPCSTR lpText
lea r8, [imageBase + title] ; LPCSTR lpCaption
mov r9d, 0 ; uType = MB_OK
mov rax, [imageBase + MessageBoxA]
call rax
mov ecx, eax
call [imageBase + ExitProcess]
END:
ALIGN falign, db 0AAh
codemSize equ $ - CodeM
;========
IMPORTS:
; Import Address Table
ExitProcess dq ExitProcess__
MessageBoxA dq MessageBoxA__
MessageBoxW dq MessageBoxW__
dq 0
ImportsDir:
dd ExitProcess_, 0, 0, kernel32dll, ExitProcess
dd MessageBoxA_, 0, 0, user32dll, MessageBoxA
dd 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
directorySize equ $ - ImportsDir
; Import Lookup Table
ExitProcess_ dq ExitProcess__
dq 0
; Hint/Name entry - iterate externals
ExitProcess__ db 64h, 1, "ExitProcess", 0
dq 0
MessageBoxA_ dq MessageBoxA__
MessageBoxW_ dq MessageBoxW__
dq 0
MessageBoxA__ db 0, 0, "MessageBoxA", 0
MessageBoxW__ db 0, 0, "MessageBoxW", 0
dq 0
kernel32dll db "KERNEL32.dll", 0
user32dll db "USER32.dll", 0
importsSize equ $ - IMPORTS
;========
ALIGN 16
PEHDR:
db "PE", 0, 0 ; signature
dw 8664h ; machine
dw 3 ; # of sections
dd 0 ; timedatestamp
dd 0 ; pointer to symtab - deprecated
dd 0 ; # symtab entries
dw opthdrSize ; size of optional header
dw 203h ; flags - characteristics
OPTHDR:
dw 20Bh ; magic
db 0 ; maj linker ver
db 1 ; minor linker ver
dd codemSize ; total code size
dd metamSize ; total init data size
dd 0 ; total uninit data size
dd ENTRY ; entrypoint RVA
dd ENTRY ; base of code
dq imageBase ; image base
dd falign ; section address alignment
dd falign ; section pos alignment
dw 5 ; major OS version
dw 2 ; minor OS version
dw 0 ; major image ver
dw 1 ; minor image ver
dw 5 ; major subsystem ver
dw 2 ; minor subsystem ver
dd 0 ; win32 version value = 0
dd fileSize ; size of image - that is, in memory!
dd ((doshdrSize + pehdrSize) + falign - 1) / falign * falign
; size of headers
dd 0 ; checksum
dw 2 ; subsystem: GUI = 2, CUI =3, NATIVE = 1
dw 0 ; dll characteristics
dq 1000000h ; max stack
dq 1000h ; min stack
dq 1000000h ; max heap
dq 1000h ; min heap
dd 0 ; loader flag = 0
; Directories
dd 16 ; number of directories
; export table hdr
dd 0, 0
; import table hdr
dd ImportsDir ; addr of import table
dd directorySize ; size of import table
dd 0, 0
dd 0, 0
dd 0, 0
dd 0, 0
dd 0, 0
dd 0, 0
dd 0, 0
dd 0, 0
dd 0, 0
dd 0, 0
dd ExitProcess, 8 * 3
dd 0, 0
dd 0, 0
dd 0, 0
opthdrSize equ $ - OPTHDR
pehdrSize equ $ - PEHDR
Sections:
; MetaM
db "MetaM", 0, 0, 0 ; null name
dd metamSize ; size
dd MetaM ; addr RVA
dd metamSize ; length
dd MetaM ; pos
dd 0 ; no relocations
dd 0 ; no linenum
dw 0
dw 0
dd 0C0000040h ; flags: datasection writeable readable
; CodeM
db "CodeM", 0, 0, 0 ; null name
dd codemSize ; size
dd CodeM ; addr RVA
dd codemSize ; length
dd CodeM ; pos
dd 0 ; no relocations
dd 0 ; no linenum
dw 0
dw 0
dd 0E0000020h ; flags: codesection writeable readable executable
; IMPORTS
db ".idata", 0, 0
dd importsSize ; size
dd IMPORTS ; addr RVA
dd importsSize ; length
dd IMPORTS ; pos
dd 0 ; no relocations
dd 0 ; no linenum
dw 0
dw 0
dd 0E0000020h ; flags: codesection writeable readable executable
fileSize equ $
;END:
现在它开始工作了，我会把清理工作交给你.告诉安我说你好...
Now that it's working, I'll leave the cleanup to you. Tell Ann I said hi...
更新:
所以我做了一些清理工作.
So I did some cleanup.
- 更多文档
- 更少的硬编码值(尽可能计算)
- 在文件中使用 512 字节对齐(较小的图像大小)，同时仍使用 4k 页面(以允许页面保护).因此，不同的字段使用不同的偏移量.
FWIW
; Check for NASM version at least 2.15.05
%if __?NASM_VERSION_ID?__ < 0x0020F0500
%error "Newer version of nasm required"
%endif
%define RoundTo(a, b) ((((a) + ((b) - 1)) / (b)) * (b))
%define Stringify(&val) val
%macro NameEntry 2
%1__ dw %2
db Stringify(%1), 0
%endmacro
salign equ 1000h ; Page size in memory
falign equ 200h ; Page size in file
imageBase equ 400000h ; Requested load address
BITS 16
section headers start=0
startoffile:
; MZ header https://wiki.osdev.org/MZ
dw "MZ" ; Signature
dw (dosBlkSize - mzStructSize) % 512 ; Bytes on last page
dw RoundTo(dosBlkSize, 512) / 512 ; # of 512 byte pages
dw 0 ; Relocation items
dw RoundTo(mzStructSize, 16) / 16 ; Header size in paragraphs
dw 0 ; Minimum allocation
dw 0xffff ; Maximum allocation in paragraphs (1M).
dw 0 ; Initial SS
dw 0xb8 ; Initial SP
dw 0 ; Checksum
dw 0 ; Initial IP
dw 0 ; Initial CS
dw 0 ; Relocation table
dw 0 ; Overlay
dq 0 ; Reserved
dw 0 ; OEM identifier
dw 0 ; OEM info
times 20 db 0 ; Reserved
dd PEHDR ; PE header start
mzStructSize equ $ - $$ ; aka 64
dosstartcode: ; Print the error and exit
push cs
pop ds
mov dx, dosmsg - dosstartcode
mov ah, 0x9
int 0x21 ; Show string up to '$'
mov ax, 4c01h
int 0x21 ; Exit process with error code 1
dosmsg db `This program cannot be run in DOS mode.\r\r\n$`
dosBlkSize equ $ - $$
ALIGN 16
; From https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/debug/pe-format
PEHDR:
dd "PE" ; signature
dw 8664h ; machine x64
dw SectionsCount ; # of sections
dd __POSIX_TIME__ ; timedatestamp
dd 0 ; pointer to symtab - deprecated
dd 0 ; # symtab entries
dw opthdrSize ; size of optional header
dw 2h ; flags: Executable
OPTHDR:
dw 20Bh ; magic
db 0 ; maj linker ver
db 0 ; minor linker ver
dd codeSizeS ; total memory code size
dd rdataSizeS ; total memory init data size
dd 0 ; total uninit data size
dd ENTRY ; entrypoint RVA
dd section..text.start ; base of code in file
dq imageBase ; image base
dd salign ; section address alignment
dd falign ; section pos alignment
dw 10 ; major OS version
dw 0 ; minor OS version
dw 0 ; major image ver
dw 1 ; minor image ver
dw 6 ; major subsystem ver
dw 2 ; minor subsystem ver
dd 0 ; win32 version value = 0
dd fileSize ; size of image in memory
dd headersSizeF ; size of DOS stub + PE header + sections
dd 0 ; checksum
dw 2 ; subsystem: GUI
dw 8160h ; dll characteristics: HighEntropy, Relocatable, NX, TS aware
dq 100h ; max stack
dq 100h ; min stack
dq 100h ; max heap
dq 100h ; min heap
dd 0 ; loader flag
HeaderDirectories:
dd HeaderDirectoryCount ; number of directories
; Address, Size
dd 0, 0 ; Export
dd ImportsDir, ImportsDirSize ; Import
dd 0, 0 ; Resource
dd 0, 0 ; Exception
dd 0, 0 ; Certificates
dd 0, 0 ; Base Relocation
dd 0, 0 ; Debug
dd 0, 0 ; Architecture
dd 0, 0 ; Global Pointer
dd 0, 0 ; Thread Storage
dd 0, 0 ; Load Configuration
dd 0, 0 ; Bound Import
dd IATStart, IATSize ; Import Address Table
dd 0, 0 ; Delay Import
dd 0, 0 ; COM Descriptor
dd 0, 0 ; Reserved
HeaderDirectorySize equ $ - HeaderDirectories
HeaderDirectoryCount equ HeaderDirectorySize / 8
opthdrSize equ $ - OPTHDR
startOfSections:
dq ".text"
dd codeSizeS ; size in memory pages
dd ENTRY ; addr RVA (memory offset)
dd codeSize ; length
dd section..text.start ; pos (file offset)
dd 0 ; relocations addr
dd 0 ; linenum addr
dw 0 ; relocations count
dw 0 ; linenum count
dd 030000020h ; flags: Code, Shared, Execute Only
dq ".rdata"
dd rdataSizeS ; size in memory pages
dd RDATA ; addr RVA (memory offset)
dd rdataSize ; length
dd section.rdata.start ; pos (file offset)
dd 0 ; relocations addr
dd 0 ; linenum addr
dw 0 ; relocations count
dw 0 ; linenum count
; Take advantage of the fact that the loader cheats and
; writes imports to readonly pages @ startup
dd 040000040h ; flags: Initialized Data, Read Only
SectionsSize equ $ - startOfSections
SectionsCount equ SectionsSize / 40
ALIGN 16
headersSizeF equ RoundTo($ - $$, falign)
headersSizeS equ RoundTo($ - $$, salign)
BITS 64
DEFAULT REL ; so we don't have to keep adding imageBase
SECTION .text vstart=headersSizeS align=falign follows=headers
ENTRY:
sub rsp, 28h
xor ecx, ecx ; hWnd = HWND_DESKTOP
lea rdx, [msg] ; LPCSTR lpText
lea r8, [title] ; LPCSTR lpCaption
xor r9d, r9d ; uType = MB_OK
call [MessageBoxA]
; The return value from MessageBoxA may not be what you think
mov ecx, eax
call [ExitProcess]
codeSize equ $ - $$
codeSizeS equ RoundTo(codeSize, salign)
SECTION rdata vstart=headersSizeS+codeSizeS align=falign
RDATA:
IATStart:
; Import Address Table
Kernel32TableA:
ExitProcess dq ExitProcess__
User32TableA:
MessageBoxA dq MessageBoxA__
MessageBoxW dq MessageBoxW__
IATSize equ $ - IATStart
ImportsDir:
dd Kernel32TableL, 0, 0, kernel32dll, Kernel32TableA
dd User32TableL, 0, 0, user32dll, User32TableA
ImportsDirSize equ $ - ImportsDir
; Kernel32 Import Lookup Table
Kernel32TableL:
dq ExitProcess__
dq 0 ; end of table marker
; Name, Hint
NameEntry ExitProcess, 164h
; User32 Import Lookup Table
User32TableL:
dq MessageBoxA__
dq MessageBoxW__
dq 0 ; end of table marker
; Name, Hint
NameEntry MessageBoxA, 28fh
NameEntry MessageBoxW, 28ch
kernel32dll db "KERNEL32.dll", 0
user32dll db "USER32.dll", 0
; Constant data
msg db "Hello, Ann!", 0
title db "Hello, Anna!", 0
ALIGN 16
rdataSize equ $ - RDATA
rdataSizeS equ RoundTo(rdataSize, salign)
fileSize equ RDATA + rdataSizeS
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