如何正确使用 Alexa 技能中的异步功能? [英] How to use async functions within Alexa skill properly?

问题描述

我对异步编程非常陌生，所以请原谅我缺乏理解，但我目前正在构建一个调用私人停车 API 的 Alexa 技能.您可以调用此 API，它会为您提供最近的停车位.

I am very new to async programming, so forgive me for the lack of understanding, but I am currently building an Alexa skill which calls a private parking API. You can call this API and it will give you the nearest parking spots.

    const getParkingSpots_Handler =  {
        canHandle(handlerInput) {
            const request = handlerInput.requestEnvelope.request;
            return request.type === 'IntentRequest' && request.intent.name === 'getParkingSpots' ;
        },
        handle(handlerInput) {
            const request = handlerInput.requestEnvelope.request;
            const responseBuilder = handlerInput.responseBuilder;
            let sessionAttributes = handlerInput.attributesManager.getSessionAttributes();

            let requestData = {
                // I can't show this sorry
                }

            let options = {
               // I can't show this sorry
            };

            // Call to the API
            const postAxios = async () => {
                try {
                    const response = await axios.post(API_URL, requestData, options);
                    return response.data.result;
                } catch(error) {
                    console.log(error);
                }
            };

            // Another function. This is where I use the data from the API response. I intent to add some code here that only picks out a number of results, sorts it by price etc. etc.
            const useTheResult = async () => {
                const result  = await postAxios();
                console.log('Response from the API:', result);
            };

            // We defined the functions above, now we need to execute them
            useTheResult();

            // This is what we will refer to the 'problem code'.
            let say = `Hello from confidientialCompany! You can park...`;
                return responseBuilder
                    .speak(say)
                    .reprompt('try again, ' + say)
                    .getResponse();
        },
    };

理想情况下，一旦我添加了代码来修改 useTheResult 中的响应，我希望问题代码也包含在 useTheResult 中......为什么?因为一旦我选择了我想要的数据并对其进行了修改，我就会尝试将 say 变成一个Alexa 可读"的句子，例如:

Ideally once I add the code to modify the response within useTheResult, I want the problem code to be inside useTheResult as well...why? Because once I've picked out the data I want and modified it, I'll try to turn say into an 'Alexa-readable' sentence like:

    let say = `Hello from confidentialCompany! You can park on ${roadName1}, ${roadName2} and ${roadName3}. Prices start from ${startingPrice} pounds.`

如果我现在这样做，那么在 Alexa 控制台中测试时会出现错误.我不知道该怎么办了，我觉得我将陷入异步函数的无限循环中.

If I do that right now, as it is, I get an error when testing it out in the Alexa console. I have no idea what to do anymore, and I feel like I'm going to get stuck in an infinite loop of async functions.

推荐答案

在 handle 方法名中添加 async 关键字并在里面使用 await :

Add async keyword to handle method name and use await inside:

const getParkingSpots_Handler =  {
        canHandle(handlerInput) {
            const request = handlerInput.requestEnvelope.request;
            return request.type === 'IntentRequest' && request.intent.name === 'getParkingSpots' ;
        },
        async handle(handlerInput) {
            const request = handlerInput.requestEnvelope.request;
            const responseBuilder = handlerInput.responseBuilder;
            let sessionAttributes = handlerInput.attributesManager.getSessionAttributes();

            let requestData = {
                // I can't show this sorry
                }

            let options = {
               // I can't show this sorry
            };

            // Call to the API
             let result = null;
             try {
                 const response = await axios.post(API_URL, requestData, options);
                 result = response.data.result;
             } catch(error) {
                 // handle this case and return some message to User
                 console.log(error);
             }
            
            // assume your data structure to be like:
            /**
             result: {
               roadName1: "1st street",
               roadName2: "2nd street",
               roadName3: "3rd street", 
               startingPrice: "1.2"
             }
            */
            const {roadName1, roadName2, roadName3, startingPrice} = result;

            // This is what we will refer to the 'problem code'.
            let say = `Hello from confidentialCompany! You can park on ${roadName1}, ${roadName2} and ${roadName3}. Prices start from ${startingPrice} pounds.`;
                return responseBuilder
                    .speak(say)
                    .reprompt('try again, ' + say)
                    .getResponse();
        },
    };

如果你想在同一个函数中进行更多的调用:

If you want to do more calls in the same function:

try {
   const [response1, response2] = await Promise.all([
      axios.post(API_URL1, requestData, options),
      axios.post(API_URL2, requestData, options)
   ]);
   // do things with your responses
   // ...
} catch(error) {
   // handle this case and return some message to User
   console.log(error);
}

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