运行 ansible playbook 时如何缩小范围? [英] How do I narrow down scope when running an ansible playbook?

问题描述

我有一个需要很多时间来执行的剧本，部分原因是它必须在很多节点上运行(我浪费时间检查所有节点的状态)，我需要在中间的某个地方做一些改变.

I have a playbook that takes a lot of time to execute, partly due to having a lot of nodes on which it has to run on (I am wasting time with ansible checking the status of all the nodes), and I need to make some changes somewhere in the middle of it.

缩小剧本范围的最佳方式是什么?我是否考虑过隔离所需的更改和/或仅在单个节点上运行修改后的部分?

What would be the best way in which I could narrow down the scope of the playbook? I've considered isolating the required change and/or just running the modified part on a single node?

推荐答案

这就是 标签 的用途.

您可以使用任何标签组合标记任何任务，然后指定要运行的标签组合(或者，使用 --skip-tags 跳过)，然后只运行指定的那些任务.

You can tag any tasks with any combination of tags and then specify that combination of tags to run (or, alternatively, to skip with --skip-tags) which will then only run those specified tasks.

因此示例剧本可能如下所示:

So an example playbook may look like this:

- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: copy foo
      copy:
        src:  path/to/foo
        dest: path/to/foo
      tags:
        - copy_foo
        - copy
        - foo

    - name: copy bar
      copy:
        src:  path/to/bar
        dest: path/to/bar
      tags:
        - copy_bar
        - copy
        - bar

    - name: restart foo
      service:
        name:  foo
        state: restarted
      tags:
        - restart_foo
        - restart
        - foo

    - name: restart bar
      service:
        name:  bar
        state: restarted
      tags:
        - restart_bar
        - restart
        - bar

然后我可以使用 ansible-playbook -i path/to/hosts playbook.yml --tags "restart_foo" 只运行restart foo"任务.或者，我可以运行所有与 bar 相关的标签，并使用以下任意组合重新启动 foo(但不复制 foo):

I can then run just the "restart foo" task with ansible-playbook -i path/to/hosts playbook.yml --tags "restart_foo". Alternatively I could run all the bar related tags and also restart foo (but not copying foo) with any combination of the following:

• ansible-playbook -i path/to/hosts playbook.yml --tags "bar,restart_foo"
• ansible-playbook -i path/to/hosts playbook.yml --tags "restart,copy_bar"
• ansible-playbook -i path/to/hosts playbook.yml --skip-tags "copy_foo"

如果您想改为(或作为组合)限制游戏运行的节点，那么您可以使用 --limit 选项.因此，如果您想将播放限制为仅网络服务器，那么您可以使用 ansible-playbook -i path/to/hosts playbook.yml --limit webservers 运行它，甚至将其限制为单个特定ansible-playbook -i path/to/hosts playbook.yml --limit web.example.org

If you want to instead (or as a combination) limit the nodes that a play is ran against then you can do that with --limit option. So if you want to limit the play to just web servers then you could run it with ansible-playbook -i path/to/hosts playbook.yml --limit webservers or even limit it to a single specific host with ansible-playbook -i path/to/hosts playbook.yml --limit web.example.org

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