关于跨平台项目中 Web 语言互操作性的问题 [英] Questions about web-languages interoperability in a cross-plateform project
问题描述
我计划在 iOS、Android 上创建一个应用程序，并使用 AngularJS 创建一个网站.
但是为了不必在每个应用上重写业务代码，我想尽可能多地重用代码.
为了能够在任何平台上执行项目的核心，我必须使用网络语言.
通过不同的文章，我计划了一个通用架构来分离项目的业务逻辑 - 核心 - 与将为每个系统重新实现的 UI(用于 iOS 的 UIKit、用于 web 应用程序的 AngularJS 和 Polymer 等)
该架构的目标是尊重重要的软件工程原则，例如
这里是 AngularJS:
<小时>既然您已经了解了有关架构的一切，那么我的问题就在这里.
我对网络语言没有足够的经验和反馈，无法做出明智的选择.经过一些研究，我发现有多种选择:
飞镖:
- 问题 1: 是否存在允许通过 VM 在 Objective-C/Swift 和 Java 之间进行互操作的机制?我知道这两个平台都有 VM 来执行 Javascript 代码，而 Google 提供了 dart2js 来将 Dart 编译为 Javascript 代码.但这不是普通的 Javascript:请参见 此处 的示例.所以我不知道是否还有适当的互操作性.
Javascript ES6: 事件如果它还没有在浏览器中完全实现，可以通过 Traceur 编译器.
- 问题 2:Traceur 编译的 Javascript 与 iOS/Android 中的 VM 是否具有互操作性?
- 问题 3:通过 Traceur 使用 ES6 开发大型项目并拥有生产代码是否安全"?
感谢您的阅读.
我知道这不是您列出的选项之一，但不会自动排除 C++.例如，这就是 Dropbox 所使用的，他们甚至为此目的开源了他们的工具:
C++ 到 Java/Objective-C API 生成器:
https://github.com/dropbox/djinni
适用于 Android/iOS 的原生"应用示例:
关于该主题的有趣文章，提供更多链接:
http://oleb.net/blog/2014/05/how-dropbox-uses-cplusplus-cross-platform-development/
更新答案:
如果您真的不想使用 C++ 并且可以接受非本机带来的膨胀，那么您可以尝试以下操作:
https://github.com/MobileChromeApps/mobile-chrome-apps
该项目是 Google 的 Cordova 分支，并添加了许多新功能和优势.
此处有一个针对 Chrome API 的 Dart 包装器:
https://github.com/dart-gde/chrome.dart
基本上，您将使用纯 HTML5 技术在 Dart 中编写您的应用，然后对于某些事情您将使用 Chrome API(设备状态等).然后就可以部署了:
- Web:在没有 Chrome API 功能的情况下编译为 JavaScript.
- Chrome 操作系统:使用 Chrome API 功能编译为 JavaScript.
- Android:编译为 JavaScript，然后使用 MobileChromeApps 创建 Android 应用.
- iOS:编译为 JavaScript，然后使用 MobileChromeApps 创建 iOS 应用.
I plan to create an application on iOS, Android and a website with AngularJS.
But for not having to rewrite the business code on each app, I would like to reuse as much code as possible.
To be able to execute the core of the project on any platform, I have to use a web language.
Through different articles, I plan a common architecture to separate the business logic of the project - core - with the UI which will reimplemented for each system (UIKit for iOS, AngularJS and Polymer for the webapp, etc.)
The goal of this architecture is to respect important software engineering principles such as information hiding by decomposing requirements in modules, DRY and SOLID
- Each feature will be decomposed in module.
- Core: Business logic code - reusable on every platform - will be represented in form of a library.
- View: The view class will be developed on each different platform to use the different UI elements proposed on each platform. E.g.: subclass of a ViewController in Objective-C / Swift for iOS or a simple class to manipulate HTML for the web-app. There is no logic in this class. It is only responsible to:
- Handle user interactions to the business logic.
- Display contents from the business logic
- IView: Interface which abstracts the class which manipulates the view.
- Presenter: Link between the Interactor and the View to drive the UI.
- Interactor: The logic of the module, such as algorithms.
- Data Store: Manage the persistence and the fetching of data by communicating with a database or API or web-service.
- Model: Data represented in structures.
Here for iOS (almost the same for Android):
The code of "core" will be executed through a virtual machine as this article shows us: http://www.skyscanner.net/blogs/developing-mobile-cross-platform-library-part-3-javascript
Here for AngularJS:
Now that you know everything about the architecture, here are my questions.
I don't have enough experiences and feedback on the web-langages to be able to make a smart choice. After few researches, I found that there are various options:
Dart:
- Question 1: Are there mechanisms to allow interoperability between Objective-C/Swift and Java through VM? I know that both platforms have VM to execute Javascript code and Google provides dart2js to compile Dart to Javascript code. But it's not plain Javascript: See an example here. So I don't know if there is still a proper interoperability.
Javascript ES6: Event if it's not fully implemented in browsers yet, it's possible to start using ES6 with Traceur compiler.
- Question 2: Is there interoperability of Javascript compiled by Traceur and the VM in iOS/Android?
- Question 3: Is it "safe" to use ES6 through Traceur to develop a large-scale project and have production code?
Thank you for reading.
I know this wasn't one of the options you listed but don't automatically rule out C++. This is what Dropbox uses for example, they even open sourced their tools for this purpose:
C++ to Java/Objective-C API generator:
https://github.com/dropbox/djinni
Sample "native" app for Android/iOS:
Interesting article on the subject with more links:
http://oleb.net/blog/2014/05/how-dropbox-uses-cplusplus-cross-platform-development/
Updated Answer:
If you really don't want to use C++ and are okay with the bloat you'll get from going non-native then you can try the following:
https://github.com/MobileChromeApps/mobile-chrome-apps
That project is Google's fork of Cordova and adds a bunch of new features and benefits.
There is a Dart wrapper over Chrome APIs here:
https://github.com/dart-gde/chrome.dart
Basically, you would write your app in Dart using plain HTML5 technologies, then for certain things you'd use the Chrome APIs (device state, etc). Then you can deploy:
- Web: Compile to JavaScript without the Chrome API features.
- Chrome OS: Compile to JavaScript with Chrome API features.
- Android: Compile to JavaScript and then use MobileChromeApps to create Android app.
- iOS: Compile to JavaScript and then use MobileChromeApps to create iOS app.
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