除了对象实例之外，我还可以使用什么可传递值来访问多个函数? [英] What passable value can I use, besides an object instance, to access multiple functions?

问题描述

我正在学习 C#，我正在寻找一个问题的解决方案，这个问题可能是由糟糕的架构引起的，并且不会影响现实生活中的程序.

I'm learning C# and I'm looking for a solution for a problem that perhaps is caused by bad architecture and doesn't affect real-life programs.

我想传递一个包含多个函数并且不需要实例化的东西"(不一定是一个类)，例如，我想在字典中有一个包含时间和任务列表的类，所以，例如，在 12:00 我想让班级午餐"，但午餐可能取决于其他变量，所以我有一个字典条目来检查 {12, LunchTask}, LunchTask 是 ' 的子类/实现/派生Task' 这样我们就可以安全地传递它并调用诸如 SomeTask.Start、SomeTask.Pause、SomeTask.Stop 之类的东西.

I want to pass "something" (not necessarily a class) that holds multiple functions and doesn't need to be instantiated, for example, I want to have a class with a list of hours and tasks in a dictionary, so, for example, at 12:00 I want the class to 'lunch', but that lunch may depend on other variables, so I have a dict entry to check like {12, LunchTask}, LunchTask is subclass/implementation/derivation of 'Task' so we can safely pass it and call something like SomeTask.Start, SomeTask.Pause, SomeTask.Stop.

我虽然关于使用 Dictionary (int,System.Type) 但无法让它工作，我也尝试了静态，但它们不能被子类化，据我所知，委托是用于单个函数的.我只想在具有无需实例化即可直接访问的函数的 dict 中传递一些内容.我知道一个可行的解决方案是使用包含所有不同任务实例的静态类，但我发现非常不优雅.

I though about using Dictionary (int,System.Type) but couldn't get it working, I also tried statics but they can't be subclassed and delegates are for single functions as far as I know. I just want to pass something in a dict that has functions that can be accessed directly without instantiating. One solution I know would work but I find very inelegant is to have a static class with instances of all the different tasks.

我不知道有什么更好的方法来实现这样一个基本功能，也许我做的每件事都非常错误.因此，如果你们能指出我正确的方向，我将不胜感激.提前致谢.

I don't know of any better way to achieve such a basic functionality and perhaps I'm doing everything terribly wrong. So if you guys could point me in the right direction I'd be very grateful. Thank you in advance.

这是一些(伪c#)代码:

Here is some (pseudo-c#) code:

public abstract class Task {
    public abstract void ExecuteTask ();
    public virtual void PauseTask() {Console.WriteLine ("Task Paused")}
    public virtual void StopTask() {Console.WriteLine ("Task Stopped")}
}

public class Lunch : Task {
    public override void ExecuteTask ()
    {
        Console.WriteLine ("Lunch Task Started");
    }
}

//the following is gonna be instantiated
public class Human {
    Dictionary<int, Something> attributions =  new Dictionary<int, Something>(){{12, Lunch}};
    void ToBeCalledEveryHour () {
        int hour = someHour();
        if (attributions.ContainsKey(hour))
            attributions[hour].ExecuteTask();
    }
}

推荐答案

在您的情况下，您可以使用对象池模式或工厂模式.

In your case you can use either Object pool pattern or Factory Pattern.

在对象池模式的情况下，你可以有一个映射，其中键应该是唯一标识对象的字符串，例如它可以是类名，值可以是对应的对象.

In case of Object pool pattern you can have a Map in which key should be the string that will identify the object uniquely, for example it can be class name and the value can be corresponding object.

像这样:

public abstract class Task {
public abstract void ExecuteTask ();
public virtual void PauseTask() {Console.WriteLine ("Task Paused")}
public virtual void StopTask() {Console.WriteLine ("Task Stopped")}
}

public class Lunch : Task {
   public override void ExecuteTask ()
   {
     Console.WriteLine ("Lunch Task Started");
   }
}

public class ObjectCollection{
    Dictionary<string,Task> objectStringMapper= new Dictionary<string,string>();
    Dictionary<string,Task> objectTimeMapper= new Dictionary<string,string>();
    public ObjectCollection(){
        objectMapper.Add("Lunch",new LunchTask());
        objectTimeMapper.Add(12,new LunchTask());        
    }
    public Task getObject(string objId){
        return objectMapper.get(objId);
    }
    public Task getObject(int time){
        return objectTimeMapper.get(time);
    } 

 }

public class Human {
    ObjetCollection objectsFactory = new ObjectCollection();
    void ToBeCalledEveryHour () {
        int hour = someHour();
        if (attributions.ContainsKey(hour))
            objectsFactory.getObject(hour).ExecuteTask();
      }
}

或者您可以选择工厂模式，在该模式中您可以拥有一个使用反射或 switch case 创建对象的类.

Or you can Opt for Factory Pattern , in which you can have a class for creating objects using either reflection or switch case.

注意:由于我是一名 Java 开发人员并且不熟悉 c#，因此您可能会发现一些语法错误.

Note: Since I'm a Java Developer and new to c# you may find some syntax's wrong.

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